Chapter 3: Adaptation

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Chapter 3: Adaptation

3B: Adaptation to Anaerobic

Increase Aerobic Capacity

Increase Buffering Capacity

Sprinter - generate energy for longer period

Neutralize acidity

Glycolytic System

Performance gains from increase in strength

Increase - (Phosphorylase, PFK, LDH)

ATP-PCr System

Specific training - strength increase

Little enzymatic change with training

Cardiovascular adaptation

Decreased resting BP

Small increase in SV

Decreased resting HR

Small increase ventricle size

Cardiorespiratory Adaptation

Small increase in VO2Max

Small increase cardiorespiratory endurance

3A: Adaptation to Aerobic

Metabolic Adaptation

Increased capillary density

VO2Max improved

Greater O2 exchange - greater area available

Increased mitochondria density

Increase capacity aerobic

Lactate threshold

Increase skeletal enzymes

Improve O2 delivery

Occurs at higher percentage of VO2Max

Cardiovascular Adaptation

Decreased HR recovery

Quicker than untrained person

HR return to normal

Lower resting heart rate

Q=SV x HR

Greater aerobic fitness level

Stroke volume

Increase at rest (submaximal)

Heart size - cardiac hypertrophy

Increase ventricular volume

Heart chamber enlarged

Cardiovascular tract

3. Blood

2. Blood vessels

1. Heart

Respiratory Adaptation

Arterial-Venus O2 difference

Increased (submax & maximal exercise)

O2 extraction (increase) - oxidative capacity

(increase) - O2 extraction & active muscle blood flow (increase)

Pulmonary diffusion

Maximal intensity (increase) -lung perfusion (increase)

Unchanged (rest & submaximal intensity)

Pulmonary ventilation

Increase at maximal intensity due to TV increase & respiratory frequency

decrease at submaximal intensity

Respiratory tract

3. breathing (ventilation)

2. air passages

1. lungs