Topic flotante
Amadeo I - King of Spain
Constitution of 1869
La Gloriosa
The Glorious Revolution was successful and the queen was forced to leave Spain (Isabel II). This is the beginning of Sexenio Democrático
Sexenio Democrático
Pact of Ostend (1866)
Facts
Crisis
Rural/Urban revolts
Authoritarianism
Conservatism
Two Pronunciamientos
Restored the Bourbon Dinasty
General Martínez Campos
Parliament was disolved
1868-1873
1873-1874
Queen at 13 years
IMPORTANT FACTS
Ramón Narváez
Pronunciamiento
1843
Baldomero Espartero
1840
María Cristina - conflict - progressives
Constitution of 1837 (less liberal than the 1812 one)
1836
Mutiny of La Granja
Government
Progressives
Moderalists
La Vicalvarada
Led a pronunciamiento against the government
General Leopoldo O'Donell
1854
Wanted to make Spain a republic
Favoured universal male suffrage
Policies:
The republicans
The democrats
Centralised
The new civil and penal codes and tax reforms unified laws and taxes in all Spanish terrotiroies
The Constitution of 1845
Only a small minority of the male population could vote and individual rights
Was shared between the monarch and parliament according...
Moderate governments
Isabel II's reign
1844-1854
Liberal Union
It was a centrist political party held power alternately with the moderates between 1856 and 1868
O' Donell
O' Donell created the Libera Union
1856-1868
Bienio Progresista
Considerable legislative activity
1854-1856
Two campaigns
Desamortización
Land that couldn't be bought or sold was exapropiated by the state and sold to individuals
Promoted by Pascual Madoz
Promoted by Juan Álvarez Mendizábal
Shares could be bought and sold
Created in 1831
Monopoly on printing money
It expanded rapidly
1902
The Altos Hornos de Vizcaya
Couldn't complete with the BASQUE COUNTRY and ASTURIAS. It developed in BILBAO
CATALONIA
The economy in 19th century in Spain
Was there an Industrial Revolution in 19th century Spain?
Energy sources
Part of Spain's iron production was especially exported to Britain
Spain had iron deposits
Coal was expensive and scarce
Transport infrastructures
Capital was scarce in Spain
The domestic market wasn't very well developed in Spain
Industry, the railway and finance
The Spanish Stock Exchange
Banking
Transport
The iron and steel industry
The cotton textil industry
An agrarian society
Second return of Fernando VII as an absolute monarch
Severe internal crisis
Holy Alliance sent a large army to Spain
1823
The Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
They ended with a treaty
Winners
Embrace of Vergara
They supported...
2.
1.
Carlos de Borbón
Carlists
Isabel
Liberals
Fernando VII died in 1833
Carlos de Borbón proclaimed king himself
Between Carlos and Isabel (Fernando's daughter)
First Carlist War (1833-1840)
Liberals were persecuted by the monarchy
Treasury=no money. Loss of most of American colonies=matters worse
Treasury=Hacienda
Dynastic succession
The Pragmatic Sanction (1830) changed the law in favour of Isabel bu many absolutists pereferred Carlos de Borbón
Political tensions
Fiscal crisis
Constant conflict
It pushed for more radical reforms and the full application of the Constitution of Cádiz
In favour of moderate reforms, it would be accepted by the elite/monarch
That brought back the Constitution of 1812
1820
Colonel Rafael del Riego led a succesful liberal pronunciamiento
The king was forced to swear by the Constitution, free imprisoned liberals and call Parliament.
Three-year period , Trienio Liberal
The radicals
The moderates
Sexenio Absolutista
Absolutist period lasted for six years
Absolute Monarch
Fernando VII abolished the Constitution of 1812
1814-1820
Parties that favored the participation in policy
Many people emigrated especially Argentina and Cuba because there were more jobs and more availables
Only strong in Madrid and in the Basque Country
A convention in Barcelona created the Unión General de Trabajadores/UGT
1888
Partido Socialista Obrero Español/PSOE
In 1910, several anarchists groups founded and anarchist trade union, the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
Spread rapidly in Valencia, Catalonia and Andalusia
Illegal in 1874
The Federación Regional Española was created/FRE
Giuseppe Fanelli
Spanish section of the First International
Socialism
Pablo Iglesias
Anarchism
Giuseppe Fanelli, organised the Spanish section of the First International. The Federación Regional Española was created and became affiliated to the First International (illegal in 1874)
Anarchism spread rapidly in Catalonia, Andalusia and Valencia
In 1910 several anarchists groups founded an anarchist trade union called the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The first workers' associations appeared. It demanded freedom of assembly
Early Luddite demonstrations involved the destructions of machines and factories
Origins of the labour movement
Spanish workers lived and worked in harsh conditions in the 19th century.
1- Luddite demonstrations involved the destruction of machines and factories
2- Around 1840 the first workers' associations apparead. These groups demanded freedom of assembly, wich was eventually granted in the years of progressive government that followed the Glorious Revolution
The lower class/working class: peasants and workers
The middle class: civil servants, lawyers, small business...
The upper class: aristocracy and high bourgeoisie
Society
Demographic growth and emigration
The death rate fell slighty because of improvements in health and hygiene
The birth rate was still high
19th March 1812
The arrangement between conservatives/liberals prevented parties from participating in government
Anarchists
Socialists
Led by Pablo Iglesias and Catalan, Basque and Galician nationalists
Cities-Caciques-Election results-Manipulated
Rural areas-Caciques-Intimidation-Violence
This system brought stability to Spanish politics based on political manipulation
The king decided the party
Pucherazo
In cities, election results were manipulated
Caciquismo
In rural areas, powerful individuals called caciques used intimidation and violence to force the local population to vote one way or other
The conservatives
The liberals
Led by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
In 1890 they established universal male suffrage
Led by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Supported the Church and the social order
Parties of the Turno Pacífico
It was a system of rotation of power
Charles VI abdicated in favour of Fernando VII and Fernando VII, in favour of Joseph Bonaparte
Treaty of San Ildefonso
Spain had to sign these Treaty of Ildefonso and it made Spain and France allies against the British Empire
In 1796 and 1800
Battle of Trafalgar
The Anglo-Portuguese alliance was reinforced by the defeat of Spain and France in these battle
1805
Treaty of Fontaineblau
Manuel Godoy signed it with France to allow French troops to cross Spain on their way to Portugal
1807
Mutiny of Aranjuez
It was an upringing for the discontent of Manuel Godoy's policy
March, 1808
This is called "La Pepa" because this same day is the Father's day and the San José day, so they decided to called it with female terms
This Constitution established several rights such as equality before the law, freedom of the press and the right of ownership
The war between France and Spain
The French army was better equipped and trained but the Spanish guerillas attacked them continuously
From late 1808 to 1812
Napoleon's troops occupied nearly the entire Peninsula
From 1812 to 1814
France suffered military decline. Spanish and British troops defeated the French, who then withdrew from Spain
Up to late 1808
The French laid siege to Zaragoza and Girona but they were defeated at Bailén
They were loyal to Fernando VII
They recognised José I as a king
The Spanish War of the Independence
The War of Independence
In Spain many people considered that Joseph I was not the legitimate monarch. There was an uprising on May 2 in 1808 in Madrid, it was the beginning of the Spanish War of Independence. The population was divided into two:
- Afrancesados, they were with Joseph I
- Fernandinos, they were loyal to Fernando VI
Uprising on 2nd May 1808 in Madrid
It was a uprising on 2nd May 1808 in Madrid because many people in Spain considered that Joseph wasn't the legitimate monarch
Spanish Population
Afrancesados
Fernandinos
(1808-1814)
The end of the reign of Carlos V
Treaties, battles and important events
Spain in the 19th century
The Glorious Revolution and the First Republic
The First Spanish Republic
Problems
Cuba
The Third Carlist War
The Cantonal Revolution
The Glorious Revolution
1868-1874
The restoration of the Old Regime
Carlos IV
I
Fernando VII + María Cristina
I
Isabel III
1814-1833
The end of absolutism
-Fernando VII died in 1833. Carlos de Borbón proclaimed himself King of Spain and this led to The First Carlist War (1833-1840)
-The liberals supported Isabel (Fernando's daughter) while the Carlist were in favour of Carlos de Borbón, and Carlists lost the war, so ended with a treaty called the Embrace of Vegara
1823-1833
The liberals in power
1820-1823
The Restoration of the Old Regime
War between conservatives and liberals
Liberals were persecuted and imprisoned and many of them went into exile. They attempted a number of pronunciamientos
Failed pronunciamientos (uprising) when army officials looked for a change of government
Isabel II and the liberals state
The Progressive Biennum
Moderates and unionists
The Triumph of the Liberalism
Isabel II inherited the throne at 3 years
Regents
Spain was ruled by regents in her name . The first, her mother
1833-1844
The 'Moderate Decade'
1833-1868
Social change
The Bourbon Restoration
Establish stability after pronunciamientos and civil wars
Constitution of 1876
It established a constitutional monarchy, a Parliament based on limited suffrage and a range of rights and liberties.
Alfonso XII became king of Spain
1874
The Parliament of Cádiz
In Pro-Fernando areas, local governments called juntas were created to organise resistance against Joseph Bonaparte, then, the Junta Central Suprema was formed. Then, they called it the Constituent Parliament in 1810
Juntas
Junta Central Suprema
Constituent Parliament
The Constitution of Cádiz / La Pepa
It reflected the principles of the liberalism:
Catholicism as the only religion in Spain
Separation of powers
Judicial
Executive
Legisative
Moderate hereditary monarchy
National sovereignty
Parliamentary legislation
The legislation written at the Parliament of Cádiz had influences on later Spanish history
Passed reforms ended in the Old Regime
Freedom of the press, no more torture, equality of the citizien...
Constitution of 1812
The first Spanish constitution
