UNIT 1: Biochemistry

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Types of Transport

Active Transport

Receptor-Assisted Endocytosis

2. Endocytosis

2. Pinocytosis

1. Phagocytosis

1. Exocytosis

Secondary Active Transport

Antiport

Symport

Primary Active Transport

Subtopic

Passive Transport

Osmosis

Facilitated Diffusion

Carrier Protein

Channel Protein

Simple Diffusion

Type of Protein: Enzymes

Enzyme Regulation

Allosteric Inhibitor and Activator

Effects on Enzyme Activity

3. pH

2. Temperature

1. Saturation

How enzymes work

Induced Fit Model (correct)

Lock and Key Hypothesis (incorrect)

Function of Enzymes:

-proteins made by the body speed up chemical reactions - an reaction would happen too slowly and not survive without an enzyme

Functional Groups

Sulfhydryl

Phosphate

Amine

Carboxyl

Ketone

Aldehyde

Hydroxyl

Methyl

Macromolecules

Nucleic Acid

RNA Nucleotide

DNA Nucleotide

Nucleotides and Purine and Pyrimidines

Function of Nucleic Acid:

-informational nucleotides -used by all organisms to produce identical copies of themselves which means that they can reproduce instruction code of organism is stored along the strands of DNA

Proteins

Structure pf Protein

Primary, Secondary, and Quaternary structure in Proteins

Peptide Bond

Monomers of Protein

Glycine

Amino Acid

Function of Proteins:

-the most complex molecule in living organisms -used as structural building blocks and functional molecules and are involves in almost everything that cells do

Lipids

Steroids

Testosterone

Cholesterol

Phospholipids

Liposomes

Micelle

Structure of a Phospholipid

Phospholipid Bilayer

Triglycerides

Types of Fatty acids

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid

Cis Vs Trans

Function of Lipids:

-Storing energy: change carbs into fat and store the fat molecules as droplets in fat tissues -Insulation: A layer of fat under the skin -Building: membranes (phospholipid layers) and other cell parts -Chemical signalling molecules (hormones)

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides

Cellulose

Starch

1. Amylose

2. Amylopectin

Disaccharides

Maltose

Lactose

Sucrose

Monosaccharides

B-glucose

Deoxyribose

α-glucose

Ribose

B-galactose

Fructose

Function of Carbohydrates:

-Get ATP -structure: part of cell wall and form part of DNA and RNA backbone -ID markers and communicators: in cell membrane linked to proteins and lipids