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Vega, 2011
The notion of brand equity is critical: the idea that reputation is a hugely valuable asset that needs to be managed, measured, protected, leveraged and nurtured over the long term.
Anholt 2008
Ashworth GJ and Kavaratzis M, 2009, Beyond the Logo: Brand Management for Cities, Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 520-531.
Fetscherin, M. (2010) The Measurement and Determinants of a Country Brand: The Country Brand Strength Index, International Marketing Review, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 433-351
Anholt, S. (2006). The Anholt-GMI City Brands Index: How the World sees the World’s cities. Place Branding, 2 (1), 18–31
Anholt S, 2003, Elastic brands, Brand Strategy , February 2003, pp. 28-29
Aitken, R. and Campelo, A. 2011. The Four Rs of Place Branding. Journal of Marketing Management 27(9-10), pp. 913-933
We suggest that a bottom-up approach based on the paradigm of co-creation should be taken to developing a place brand and that brand ownership is determined by the extent to which the representation of the place reflects the experience of the community. Such an approach, we believe, is essential to achieve authenticity (brand essence), commitment from stakeholders, and brand sustainability. Grounded in ethnographic research, this paper presents a model that structures the features of community ownership from a bottom-up perspective and proposes four fundamental elements of place branding that encapsulate the experience of the place: rights, roles, relationships, and responsibilities.
Kavaratzis, M. and Hatch, M.J. (2013), The Dynamics of Place Branding: An Identity-based Approach to Place Branding Theory, Marketing Theory, 13 (2), 69-86.
Hede, Anne-Marie and Watne, Torgeir (2013) Leveraging the human side of the brand using a sense of place: case studies of craft breweries. Journal of Marketing Management. Special Issue: Anthropomorphic Marketing. Volume 29, Issue 1-2.
Massey, D., 1991, “A global sense of place” Marxism Today (38) 24-29
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Amdam, R. (2004) Spatial County Planning as a Regional Legitimating Process, European Journal of Spatial Development, September, nº 11
Baker M, Hincks S, Sherriff G, 2010, "Getting involved in plan making: participation and stakeholder involvement in local and regional spatial strategies in England" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 28(4) 574 – 594
Al-Sulaiti, K.I. & Baker, M.J. (1998). Country of origin effects: A literature review. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 16, 150–199
Aaker DA, 1996, Building strong brands , Free Press, New York
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Aaker, D.A. (1991), Managing Brand Equity, The Free Press, New York, NY. LLIBRE FÍSIC
Aaker, D.A., 2004. Brand Portfolio Strategy: Creating Relevance, Differentiation, Energy, Leverage, and Clarity. New York: The Free Press.
Aaker, D.A., 2005. Strategic market management. New York: Wiley.
Anholt
