Block 1

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Learning is reciprocal

The distance between what a learner can perform under guidance or what he or she can solve independently

Connect with previous experiences

Trial and error

Behaviorally-guided rote learning

Teachers have to know the previous knowledge of children in order to be able to respond to the stage of development of each child

Promote individual and collective development

Constructivism Learning Theories

Learning by discovering

BRUNER

Learning is an inquiry-based in problem solving situations

It is important to establish a relation between old and new knowledge

Teachers should help children to develop strategies to organize and use their knowledge in a future

Without giving them the solution

It is only a facilitator

Each person solve their problems based on their own experiences and knowledge

Each person has their own way of interpreting the world

Genetic Intellectual Development

JEAN PIAGET

Learning is a developmental cognitive process

Students construct knowledge based on their experiences depending on their biological, physical and mental stage of development

Stages

Formal Operations

Is able to hypothesize

Is able to abstract thinking

Concrete Operations

Logical structure based on their reality

Begins to think abstractly

Preoperational

Concrete physical situations

Is not able to conceptualize abstractly

Sensorimotor

Learning through senses and actions

Knowledge is limited

Meaningful Learning

AUSBEL

It is possible to assimilate a concept thorugh reception

The new knowledge must be meaningful to connect with the previous one

Learning material has to be meaningful for students

Teachers should

Meaningful information and themes

Provide curiosity and motivation

Social Development

VYGOTSKY

Learning occurs in a cultural context and involves social interactions

Social interactions plays a fundamental role

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Students have previous knowledge that allows them to do some tasks

Teachers need to work the ZPD giving them opportunities to join in interaction activites in which children are able to construct their own knowledge

Learning is an active process in which the subject constructs their knowledge based on their experiences

Each person has their own interpretation and construction of the world