LEARNERS
Theories of learning and child development
Stephen Krashen
Affective filter Hypothesis:
The filter is lowered when students feel highly motivated, have a strong sense of self and are not anxious. However if they feel anxious, have a low self- steem, the affective filters are raised. We have to mantain the filter down.
Jerome Bruner
Any learner is able to learn almost anything, provided that the instruction is organised properly
Abraham Maslow
A hierarchy of needs that learners have
Lev Vigotsky
Children learn best in the ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT (ZPD)
Jean Piaget
His strong belief was that children construct personal meaning trough action:
making things
moving
playing
Learning community
Remember important things about each person of the community
Likes/ dislikes
Family
Birthday
Work/ School
Comunity traits
Tolerance
Acceptance
Respect
Helpfulness
Kindness
What to do about students differences
Encourage LEARNER AUTONOMY, by offering LEARNER TRAINING
Keep a record of what kinds of activities are successful with the differents types of students
Use different lessons to cater different kinds of students
How students differ
Learning styles
-Enthusiastics -rebels -communicative learners - analytic learners
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES (Howard Gardner theory)
-Spatial -linguistic -logical mathematical -musical -bodily-kinaesthetic -intrapersonal -naturalistic -existencial
For some of them, one intelligence is more developed than other.
Some students have more APTITUDE for language learning than others and a lot will depend on what their MOTIVATION is.
The good learners
Have a good self-image and confidence
Analize the way they and others talk
Practise whenever they can
Try to figure out how language works
Is repared to make mistakes
Try to get their message across even if their knowledge of the language isn't very good
Try to guess when they don´t know something
Age and managment
Age plays a significant role in how teachers deal with students
Considering
-Attention Spam -Metacognitive engagement -Activities and tasks -Motivation -Behavioral issues -Teacher roles
