Категории: Все - nervos

по Carlos Eduardo Domingues Dos Santos 4 лет назад

208

Medula Espinhal

A medula espinhal é um órgão vital do sistema nervoso central, situado dentro do canal vertebral e composto por segmentos coccígeo, torácico, lombar, cervical e sacral. Cada segmento possui pares de nervos correspondentes que desempenham funções cruciais na transmissão de sinais entre o corpo e o cérebro.

Medula Espinhal

Medula Espinhal

Marine life, sea life or ocean life, is represented by the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the saltwater of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.

At a fundamental level, marine life affects the nature of the planet. Marine organisms produce oxygen and sequester carbon.

Sulcos em sua superfície

Fish are limbless cold-blooded vertebrate animal with gills and fins living wholly in water.

Sulco lateral posterior
Sulco lateral anterior

Enumerate at least 10 of the most popular fish.

Rays are the largest group of cartilaginous fishes, with well over 600 species in 26 families.

Rays look like bats in the water, and this is probably why they are called batoids. Rays use their pectoral fins to 'fly' through the water. Though a bony fish takes in water with its mouth, rays do not because they live at the bottom of the ocean.

Name a few of the most known species.

Sulco mediano posterior

Species in the shark subclass have skeletons made from cartilage, not bone, and have five to seven gill slits on each side of their heads (most other fish have only one gill slit on each side), which they use to filter oxygen from the water.

Enumerate a few of the most known species of sharks:

Cordões ou fontículos

Fontículo posterior
Fontículo lateral
Fontículo anterior

Espaço entre meninges

Marine invertebrates lack a vertebral column, and some have evolved a shell or a hard exoskeleton. Some of them can collect bacterias or even absorb harmful components. For instance, sea sponges are able to take in the excess amount of ammonium in the ocean water.

They have more than 10,000 species, name a few that are the most common.

Espaço subaracnoide
Possui grande quantidade de líquido cerebroespinhal ou liquor
É o mais importante
Espaço subdural
Contém liquido que evita a aderência das das paredes
Entre a dura-máter e a aracnóide
Espaço epidural ou extradural
Contem tecido adposo e um grande número de veias

Constituem o plexo venoso vertebral interno

Entre a dura-máter e o periósteo do canal vertebral

Informações extras

Marine plants consist of two major types, the seagrasses, and the algae and seaweeds.

Seagrasses represent members of some of the more complex plants, while algae and seaweeds display simple forms and are often microscopic.

Gather information about marine plants:

Limites
Caudalmente

Segunda vértebra lombar

Termina formando o cone medular

Cranialmente

Bulbo

Aproximadamente no nível do Forame Magno

Onde se inicia o estudo do SNC
Onde o tubo neural foi menos modificado
Órgão mais simples
Massa cilíndrica de tecido nervoso
Situada dentro do canal vertebral

Envoltórios

A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups.
The 3 main types of reef are: atoll, barrier reefs, fringing reefs.

Write down their characteristics as well as the importance of the reefs

Pia-máter
Forma o filamento terminal apos a terminação da medula no cone medular
Penetra na fissura mediana anterior
Adere ao tecido nervoso da superfície da medula
Aracnoide
Folheto justaposto à dura-máter
Se dispõe entre a dura-máter e a pia-máter
Faz parte da leptomeninge
Dura-máter
Forma os prolongamentos laterais

Embainham as raízes dos nervos laterais

Evolve toda a medula
Mais espessa e resistente
Formada por fibras colágenas
Meninge mais externa
Constitui a paquimeninge

Meninge mais delicada e interna

Função da Medula

Conduz informações que saem e entram no encéfalo, através dos nervos espinhais

Segmentos

Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean and other marine ecosystems for their existence.

They include animals such as seals, whales, manatees, sea otters, and polar bears. They are an informal group, unified only by their reliance on marine environments for feeding.

1 coccígeo
1 par de nervos coccígeo
5 sacrais
5 pares de nervos sacrais
5 lombares
5 pares de nervos lombares
12 torácicas
12 pares de nervos torácicos
8 cervicais
8 pares de nervos cervicais

Superfície externa

Seabirds are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment. While seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behavior, and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent evolution, as the same environmental problems and feeding niches have resulted in similar adaptations.


Name a few of bird species who live at sea or at the seaside:

Superfícies póstero-laterais
Sulcos póstero-laterais

Por onde as raízes sensoriais saem da medula

Superfícies ântero-laterais
Sulcos ântero-laterais

Por onde as raízes motoras anteriores saem da medula

Superfície posterior
Fissura mediana posterior
Superfície anterior
Fissura mediana anterior

Estrutura interna

Currently, of the approximately 12,000 extant reptile species and subspecies, only about 100 are classed as marine reptiles: extant marine reptiles include marine iguanas, sea snakes, sea turtles and saltwater crocodiles.

Canal central

Crocodilians may be found swimming out at sea, but they can't live out there in the way that a marine turtle can.

Research, then write down what you know about them. For e.g, their lifespan, their weight, where you can spot them. etc

Líquido cefalorraquidiano
Substância branca

Sea snakes, or coral reef snakes, are a subfamily of venomous elapid snakes, that inhabit marine environments for most or all of their lives. Most are extensively adapted to a fully aquatic life and are unable to move on land.

Research, then write down facts about sea snakes, for e.g. how fast they swim, what do they eat or how long they live, etc.

Axônios mielinizados

Coluna posterior

Colunas mediais

Coluna anterior

Camada externa
Substância cinzenta

Write down some interesting facts about sea turtles, like how long they live or how long can they dive, etc.

Em forma de borboleta

Cornos dorsais

Corpos de neurônios sensoriais

Cornos ventrais

Corpos de neurônios motores

Camada interna