Political Styles

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Political Ideologies

Liberalism

Both are rooted in the same beliefs and share the same name

A real life example of liberalism's effect is the legalization of same sex marriage

John Locke was a philosopher who had a large part in creating the fundamentals of a liberal government

-Companies not having more restrictions on minimum wage rates -Focuses too much on individual rights rather than the interest of the whole community

-Advocates for equal rights for all groups of people -Promotes access to education for everyone

Socialism

Both promote the idea of society encouraging morals and breaking down social status' to make everyone more equal

Both Utopianism and Socialisms creations are relativity similar in beliefs

A real life example of socialism is how Slovenia is run, the government describes itself as "state governed by the rule of law and a social state"

Robert Owen was a thinker known as the "Father of British Socialism" who was one of the first people of his time to advocate for this type of governmental rule

-Raises taxes, which in turn makes citizens less likely to want to work -Difficult for the government to uphold the system because of cost of extra regulations

-Promotes selflessness instead of selfishness -Reduces poverty

Conservatism

Both hold the belief that there is a 100% "right and wrong" where there should be an agreement on what is acceptable and what is not

A real life example of conservatism occurring is gun rights being protected in America

Edmund Burke is considered the "founder" of conservatism, he is known for his beliefs against royal power which set the foundations of conservatism

-Resisting change in a changing world -Is prone to discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals

-Prioritizes personal freedoms such such as freedom of speech - Believes in keeping a strong military which is beneficial for protection

Political Styles

Utopianism

Brook Farm, USA was a community in the 1800's which emulated the same characteristics of a Utopian structured society where they striven for social perfectibility

Robert Owen had been one of the first people to experiment with Utopian style communities which reflected social equality and equal classes

-Not possible without extreme control and restraints against people having free will -Would require everyone to have the same idea of what a Utopia is which is simply not possible

-There would be no fear of crime or illegal activities -Everyone would live at an equal level (no poverty)

Contractualism

An example of this is torturing another person. One person may argue that torture is 100% wrong because it's inhumane, while another person may argue that it's okay in cases where is benefits a larger cause than the person being tortured. They would have to come to an agreement of both understanding its inhumane and also necessary.

T.M. Scanlon is the creator of the term "Contractualism". His beliefs are that this concept is a "systematic response to a range of philosophical problems."

-The beliefs in both parties must be the same for the system to work -There may be grey areas that are not addressed when talking about what is deemed "right" and "wrong"

-It takes in the most important factors of what is considered "right and wrong" -Allows there to be a solid understanding between parties

Libertarianism

The legalization of Marijuana is an example of Libertarianism in real life. The use of marijuana is entirely reliant on a persons own freedom of choice, where they can choose if they would use it or not

Murray Rothbard was an important political figure to Libertarianism as he had written many books and teachings with the foundations of this system

-The government would not be liable to protect your rights, people would be totally reliant on other peoples morality -Since there would be no laws that would mean the freedom you have is a double edged sword, others who may be less ethically driven have freedom to do whatever they choose with no lawful repercussions

-There would be lower taxes -Freedom to choose to do what you want with respect to other people's lives

Confucianism

In Chinese culture its effects are very prevalent in family structures for example honoring elders

Confucianism originated from the teachings of the philosopher Confucius where he taught about community and morality

Disadvantages

-It's too idealistic to expect everyone to be moral -Certain branches of Confucianism are rooted in sexist beliefs that oppress women

Advantages

-Encourages morals which can build healthy foundations for a society to function on -Helps to break down the idea of different social classes