по Angie Yepez 8 лет назад
384
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Use of diseminatory subsidies
Higher de minimis thresholds
Lesser (liberalization)
Multilateral
Dispute settlement
Unilateral
Producer
Consumer
Affectation of prices
Provision of goods and services
Budgetary outlays
Subtema
subsidies
general
specific
WTO agreement
Specificity
Forms of subsidy
Aware of the costs
Non- disruptive
Severe effects
Nullify national welfare
Correct market failure
Theory
Policy objectives
Addtional Sources
Notifications
WTO
Information
Requirements
Reports
National
International Data
Cross country comparability
Limited number of sectors
Developing Subsidies
Developed Subsidies
Subsidies & GDP
Recipients
Fishing
Protection
Income support
Development
Substainability
Stable subsidies
Coal
restructing
development, energy security
Minning, steel, forestry
Specific
Automotive indsutry
Horizontal (fiscal incentives, policies, EPZs)
The Caribbean
Latinamerica
Audiovisual
Cultural objectives (policy instruments)
Promotion domestic content
Tourism
Infrastructure
Marketing Support SME
Financial Service
Tax Incentives
Equity injections
Objectives
Restructure
Keep banks afloat
Telecommunications
Universal Service Funds
Affordability
Availability
Universal Service
Transport
Security
Environmental
Railway
Universal Access
Measures
Developing
Tax incentives
Developed
Grants
Non- notifiable
Food aid
State- trading enterprises (market power)
Privilage
Price discrimination
Export credit, guarantees
Notifiable
AMS
Export subsidies
Distribution by commodities
Domestic support
UE, US, JAPAN
Reduction of commitments
Trade distorting
Minimis levels
Distortion
Exporters
Importers
Welfare loss
Providers
Trade liberalization erodes national identity (subsidies helf not to)
Non- commodities
Increasing commodities production
Energy
Food
Correct asymmentries
Facilitate adjustments of new environmental regulations
on agriculture
for equality
R&D intensive industries
Hurtful for active partners
Risk of dissipate funds
Intelectual Property Systems
The government will need to invest in more resources
Benefical on a social perspective
Could not be as efficient as it should
Could lead to market failure
Control that the diserable investments are made
Services
Agriculture
Tightened security
Some industries may be affected
The costs may rise
Localized and temporary
International arena
Foreign goods or services
Imports rise
Transportation bottlenecks
Major utilities may be disrupt
Important inputs may be short
Lack of production
Exports fall
National level
Tourism is not affected
Sri Lanka Tsunami in December 2004
Macroecnomic activity weakens
How integrated it is in the global economy
How tradable is the devasted sector
Considerable (in somes industries)
Notable
Optimization of the energy
improve its deficit
but in US bonds
Are among affiliated companies
causing
Singapour, China, and the Republic of Korea
Increased loyalties and fee payments
High level of foreign Investment
East Asian economies got strong
Countries remain dominant in receipts and payments
faster than commercial services
Causing
Growing importance of developing countries
Ex: China
Lack of diversfications
The importance of Developed countries' market decrease.
Production declines
Replacement of domestic production by suppliers from lower income countries
UE destinations
