Strategies for teaching ESL students

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Engaging Beginners, Reading Supports for All, and Classroom conversations: Opportunities to learn for ESL students in mainstream classrooms

When assessing ESL students, asses on content and not language

How do you know what stage your students are at?

Talk to your student's about their environment at home

Maybe even visit that community and see what it's like

Observation

Listen to the way your ESL students speak

Creating a community in the classroom

Use terms such as...

Community

Partners

Together

Our

We

Make sure all students are able to speak in class

Use discussions, call on all students

Believe in ALL students

Don't ever have low expectations for a student, especially if they are in the preproduction stage

Listen to ALL students

Make an effort to understand your ESL students, even if their answers are confusing

Understanding

Know each student's stage of language acquisition

Fluent in English, up to native-level speaking fluency

Great comprehension, little errors in grammar

Can produce simple sentences

One or two word responses

Less verbal, nods yes and no

Language usage/communication

Avoid slang and idioms

Make sure that any ESL student will understand your language

Be aware of your facial responses

Use gestures

Teach academic language

Teaching

For reading, use scaffolded reading experiences

Split the reading comprehension work into three parts

Post-reading

Discussions, connecting the passages, answering questions

During-reading

Guided reading, silent reading, simplifying the passages or chapters, using the home language of ESL students

Pre-reading

Teaching vocabulary that students will run into, discuss background knowledge of subject, discuss reading strategies

Use different kinds of assessments

Use manipulatives

Art projects

Projects

Discussions

Have high expectations for ALL students

All students should learn the content, but consider each student's language acquisition stage

Tiered assignments (writing examples)

Essay questions, explanations

If...then questions, cause and effect questions

Completing a fill-in-the-blank worksheet (crossword puzzle for example)

Answering simple questions, adding a few challenge questions

Drawing a picture, adding yes or no questions

Tiered questions for each stage (examples)

Advanced fluency

"Retell this situation as..." (Questions requiring essay-like responses)

Intermediate fluency

"What would happen if this happened..." (Questions requiring more than one-sentence answers)

Speech emergence

"Why?" "How?" (Questions requiring more than one word responses)

Early production

Yes or no questions (Questions with one-word answers)

Preproduction

"Show me..." "Where is..."