The Principles of Government

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The Principles of Government

Nationalism

Nationalism also encourages the idea that employees have similar interests with every other worker in their company and their country. This allows employees to have better sense of value, which really boosts their motivation. When people know that they are highly valued in an organization, chances are that they will start placing lots of effort in their daily work. Nationalism thereby results in improved productivity.

Since nationalism places emphasis on collective identity, people will work together for their own benefit and also to enhance their nation. Actually, integral nationalism states the country functions like an effective organic unit. The country therefore is supposed to have a set social hierarchy that supports co-operation between varying social classes so as to meet the common political targets. Under, nationalism, people are encouraged to work hard together.

Nationalism may assist in encouraging peace in a country since the national anthem, flag and other national symbols are usually regarded sacred. When people see these national symbols on the streets, deep emotions will be aroused in them. There are rarely any cases of war in countries that use nationalism. This is because people greatly respect their country and each other and thus they cannot do anything that will jeopardize their nation.

Any way someone is superior to another by leading or forcing rules

CONS: Thinking for only own nation without any concern for the Country actually living in., In some case going to extreme left/right fringes in the name of security of Nation, Sometimes creating intolerance for other Countries going to the extant of extreme hatred for people of another Country and Have prejudice about others.

PROS: Unity in the group even in diversity., Duty to Nation above all, Patriotism, Pride in belonging to the Nation.

Marxism

An example of Marxism is replacing private ownership with co-operative ownership. YourDictionary definition and usage example.

If you look at the Marxist theory, it considers society as a whole, which means that it acknowledges all the social forces involved, including the power interests of different groups. Stressing the role of class struggle or conflict within society between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, it is effective in explaining change in society. In essence, it organizes society under capitalism, where the bourgeoisie tends to maximize profit with the proletariat.

Under Marxism, you would have the freedom to have your own faith, but you would not have the freedom to practice it in a way that is organized. As you can see, religion would ultimately place one group in a superior role over the others, which goes against the equality principle of Marxism. This means that there would be no organized religion, which would affect prominent beliefs followed around the world, including Christianity and Judaism. As Marx felt that religion was used to control people, Marxism would not allow people to be free of choosing their spirituality.

While you are given a place to live as part of a community and contribute to the common good, you will have no private property ownership, which means that you might not have much control over your residence and your contributions. In Marxism, there will be the idea that private properties and businesses should be abolished, which makes it impossible for anyone to take business advantage of someone else, giving him no reward for working.

CONS: It tries to abolish religion, It tries to abolish religion, and It limits opportunities for entrepreneurs.

PROS: It tends to create a system of true equality, It offers benefits to the society, and It helps with capitalism.

Socialism

sum up your research by presenting your assessment of the ideologies and political styles you researched.opic

a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

communism and socialism seek to establish an equal society through distribution of resources.

Schools-Sharing supplies and knowledge equally all over

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s On the Social Contract (1762) Rousseau envisioned a new social contract, one in which the rights of society as a whole, rather than those of the individual, are protected. His idea was based on the concept of a ‘general will,’ the protection of the majority. Decisions would be made that would benefit the masses, even if those decisions meant harming a small fraction of society. And the the rights of the individual? They were not significant. And if anyone opposed the general will? They were to be regarded as anti-social and subject to punishment.

If a welfare state is too generous, it is argued it may create a disincentive to get a job and therefore it can reduce the labour force and individual effort.

An economy which is regulated to work towards the long-term welfare will place a higher value on environmental concerns, such as limiting pollution – even if it lowers profit.

A welfare state which provides a minimum basic income for those who are unemployed, sick or unable to work maintains a basic living standard for the poorest in society and helps to reduce relative poverty.

Cons: Lack of incentives, Government failure, Welfare state can cause disincentives, Powerful unions can cause labor market antagonism and Rationing of health care.

Pros: Reduction of relative poverty, Free health care Diminishing marginal utility of income, A more equal society is more cohesive and Socialist values encourage selflessness rather than selfishness. ..

Confucianism

Respect your parents, respect the ruler(s) of your country, never betray your friends, treat others like you want to be treated. And most of all, LEARN by all means and PRACTICE it in real life.

On the individual level, Confucianism provides a rational basis for why people should improve their moral character and encourages them to do so

Confucianism emphasizes etiquette, but the requirements are too strict. A large number of extravagant and wasteful or harmful etiquette remain in China for thousands of years. Until now, some people still regard it as a criterion, causing unnecessary negative effects.

CONS: Of course, there are two sides to everything. Confucianism also has a negative impact on Chinese culture. As the orthodox thought in feudal times, it serves the rulers. Confucianism emphasizes loyalty to the monarch, which is beyond reproach. But when loyalty turns into foolishness, it will only have a negative impact. Under the influence of Confucianism, most Chinese literati submit to the monarch and dare not tell the truth. Up to now, this philosophy of “Keeping out of Trouble” still exists in China.

The pros are social stability, and order, owing to respect for the authorities who are generally the elders, as well as am emphasis on education that enables one to succeed in any environment, by hook or by crook. The emphasis on wisdom is also good.

Absolutism

France. The reign of the French King Louis XIV (reigned 1643-1715) has long been considered the best example of absolutism. In fact, during the 17th century, many other European monarchies imitated the French system. For instance, King Louis XIII was only a child when he ascended to the throne.

Niccolò Machiavelli’s The Prince (1513) Machiavelli defined a ‘successful ruler’ as one who puts his morality aside in favour of achieving political gain. Whatever a ruler must do to gain power and hold onto power - even if it means breaking moral codes, is warranted. The Prince is often recognized as one of the first works of modern political philosophy, because it is less concerned with an abstract ideal than it is with effective policy and governance.

Crime can happen anywhere. Within the structure of an absolute monarchy, a strict set of laws that are consistently enforced creates higher levels of security for the general population. To enforce these laws, a higher level of military or police presence is usually seen throughout each community. When laws are broken, actions are swiftly taken to limit the harm an offender might try to cause to others.

An absolute monarchy creates a defensive force that protects their country from harm that is as strong as possible. This is done to protect the family, which also protects the general population at the same time. Many absolute monarchies require able-bodied individuals to serve a minimum amount of time in the military as well, which allows each household to be invested into the welfare of the country in some way.

An absolute monarchy can act very quickly during extreme or emergency situations that may occur. There is no need to go through a congressional or parliament body to have decisions made. The monarch in this government structure has the final say on what can happen. If they decree that resources must be made available to a community, then actions can be taken right away to help people.

CONS: In most instances, citizens in lower socioeconomic classes receive fewer privileges, Bad leadership can take an excelling nation and cripple it, It increases the potential of societal rebellion and the line of leadership is already established.

PROS: Laws can be passed quickly to adapt to changing circumstances, The military within an absolute monarchy tends to be stronger, Security levels are high within an absolute monarchy, and There is one consistent face for international negotiation.

Conservatism

Summarize your research by presenting your assessment of the ideologies and political styles you researched

It is the act of commitment to traditional values and ideas with opposition to change or innovation. Political views that favor free enterprise, private ownership, and socially conservative ideas. I do not have a personal opinion as I know nothing about it to form one, I am currently learning.

Provide one real-world example of each ideology and style.

A family raising a child.

Which philosophers, thinkers, and/or historical figures are most associated with each particular ideology or style? Provide at least two for each and clarify how they are connected.

John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government (1690) The most central concept in Locke's political philosophy is his theory of natural law and natural rights. Locke believed that all humans were by nature, free and equal. In Locke’s version of the social contract, the state exists only to promote and protect the rights of the individual - without civil authority, he argued, the ‘rule of might’ - where a person could forcibly deprive another of her or his possessions or freedom - would allow injustices. Organizing states was one way for people to ensure protection for all.

Provide three to five factors or reasons for each advantage/disadvantage for each term.

Freedom: The ideology of conservative is individual freedom; freedom of speech, freedom to worship as you wish, freedom to own property, and freedom to live without the fear of government oppression. Economic collapse: If income from tax is not replaced, the government will not have enough financial buffer making the country vulnerable to economic collapse Maintain traditional values: Conservatism ensures traditional values in the society are being protected. It emphasizes more on the values of traditional institutions and their practices.

What are the pros and cons of each ideology and style?

PROS: Freedom, Maintain traditional value, Economic growth, Leads to a strong national defense and Free market.

CONS: Economic collapse, Deficit, Racism, Sexism and Environmental effects.

Draw parallels between similar and dissimilar ideologies and styles.

Dissimilar:Anarchism is a political ideology that rejects social or political authority.

Similar: Liberal conservatism is a political ideology combining conservative policies with liberal stances, especially on economic, social and ethical issues, or a brand of political conservatism strongly influenced by liberalism.