Ions & Ion Formations

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“Empirical Evidence Supports Theoretical Knowledge”

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Atomic Structure

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Chemical Nomenclature

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Symbol: C Atomic number: 6 Nonmetallic Atomic mass : 12.0107 amu. Ground state electron configuration is 1s22s22p2 Oxidation state ranges from 4 to -4 Electronegativity value of 2.55 The geometry in organic molecules are linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral.

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Ions & Ion Formations

Polyatomic Ions

Made of more than one kind of atom. A package where the entire package has a charge and contain with oxygen.

Example: (PO4)3-: 1 phosphorus, 4 oxygen, charge 3- (OH)-: 1 oxygen, 1 hydrogen, charge 1- (NO3)-: 1 nitrogen, 3 oxygen, charge 1-

IUPAC Naming Rules

IUPAC RULES- Polyatomic Ions

Examples: Sulfur: SO42- = sulfate ion SO32-= Sulfite ion Chlorine: ClO2= Chlorite ion ClO3 = chlorate ion

IUPAC RULES - Multivalent Ions

Roman Numeral Equivalents: 1= l 2=ll 3=lll 4=lV 5=V

Use Roman numerals in brackets to indicate which ion it is. NAME( element name) (Roman numerals) IONS(end it with ion)

For example: Au+ = Gold (l) ion or Au3+= Gold (lll) ion Sn2+= Tin (ll) ion or Sn4+= Tin (lV) ion

IUPAC RULES - Monoatomic Ions

Cation (+): Name of the element and add ion to the end.

For example : Mg2+ = magnesium ion Na+ = sodium ion Be2+ = beryllium ion

Anion (-): Name of the element and change the suffix to -ide and add ion to the end.

For example: O2- = oxide ion Cl- = chloride ion F- = fluoride ion

Stands for INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY. Its how the chemists name chemical compounds.

Ion Electron Configurations

It considers how many electrons were lost or gained for the ion when writing the configuration.

Examples: Sodium: Na: 1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)3s(1)=11e- Na: 1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)=10e- ( lost 1e-)

Cation

A positively charged ion ( +) and an atom that lost electrons.

Examples: Mg2+ Al3+ Na+ ( it always has a positive sign)

Multivalent Ions

These are elements that can make more than one kind of ions.

Example: Au+ or Au3+ Sn2+ or Sn4+ Fe2+ or Fe3+ Pb2+ or Pb4+

Monoatomic Ions

These are elements that form one kind of ion.

Examples: Ca2+ Al3+ S2- F-

Octet Rule

An atom that will gain or lose electrons until they have achieved a shell with 8 electrons in total.

Video about Octet Rule

Anion

A negative charged ion (-) and an atom that gains electrons. an atom that

Examples: O2- Cl- N3- ( it always have a negative sign)