Microorganism in terrestrial ecosystem

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Microorganism in terrestrial ecosystem

Mycorrhizae

Type

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Micorrhizal Associations

Ectomycorrhizae

Fungi that remain extracellular, forming a sheath of interconnecting filaments around the root.

Endomycorrhizae

Fungi that enter the root hair

Mutualistic fungi associatons

Phyllosphere microorganism

SSU rRNA analysisi shows millions of new bacteria yet discovered

Aerial surfaces of plant

Phyllosphere

Production of SOM

Phosphorus

Is the limiting element in most freshwater system

Also present in fertilizers

Nitrogen

Nitrogen saturation

Level in soil impacted by nitrogen release

C/N of 20 or less results in loss of soluble nitrogen from the system.

Nitrogen in the soil Ecosystem

Fertilizer often added to agricultural soils to increase nitrogen level

Small fraction become SOM

Release of carbon dioxide and biomass production

Soil as microbial habitat

Soil organic matter

Hold water for plant use

Maintain soil structure

Retain nutrient

Level of microbial diversity in soil habitat on earth

Is very complex and contain a large variety of habitat

Other plant pathogen

Viruses

Deep Subsurface

Deep Hot Biosphere

The subsurface Biosphere

Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane Microorganism

Roles of microbes in Rhizopshere and Rhizoplane

Promotion of plant growth

Synthesis and degradation of organic matter

Labile source of nutrient, creating microbial loop

Rhizoplane

surface

Rhizosphere

Volume os soil around the root influenced by materials releases from root

Microorganism

Microbe plant interaction

Endophytes

Microbes that colonize internal plant tissues

Epiphytes

Microbes that live on the surface of plants

4 functional group of soil

Litotrophs or Chemoautotroph

3 genera function of soil fungi

Pathogens

Mutualistic

Decomposer

Microbial loop

Differs fron that opearting in photic zone of the open ocean

Soil Metagenomics

Community genome size

Category of soil

Organic soil possesses at least 20% of organic carbon

Mineral soil = less than 20 % organic carbon ( most of Earth's soils.)

Physicochemical condition which affect the microbial populations

E)Soil

Well drained soil well

D)Acidity & Alkalinity

Influenced by microbial activity

Usually pH 4 - 8.5

C)Temperature

Determine the composition of soil microflora (sandy beach)

B)Water

Affects movement of microorganism between pores and particles.

Dependant on rainfall, particle size, drainage.

Thin water film = Oxygen higher

A)Surface

Clay particle

enough nutrient & moisture

Smooth