Kategorier: Alla - enlightenment - feminism - nationalism - economy

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Modern Era

During the modern era, significant societal transformations occurred, driven by various revolutions and ideological movements. The Industrial Revolution brought profound changes in labor, with the working class primarily employed in factories and coal mines under harsh conditions, while the middle class saw improved social standing and economic stability.

Modern Era

Modern Era

Consequences of Industrialization

Migration

White Australia Policy

Chinese Exclusion Act

Cultures and traditions started to blend together

Italians in North and South America

Irish in North America

Indians in East and Southern Africa, and Southeast Asis

Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America, and North America

Ethnic enclaves formed

Women took on more roles in society as men migrated for work

Relocated to the U.S., South America, and parts of Europe

Political instability and unrest

Japanese, Lebanese, Italians

Economic opportunities and freedoms

Japanese workers, Lebanese merchants

Decline in agriculture dependent economies

Japanese workers

Economy
Imperialism

Commodities made in other countries benefited Europe and other industrialized countries more than the country they were produced in

Opium in Middle East and South Asia Cotton from South Asia and Egypt Oil from the Middle East Copper from Chile Palm Oil from Sub-Saharan Africa

More developed countries had economic influence over less developed countries

Global Development

Gold, silver, copper, and diamond were sought after and created a global industry

Industrialized nations sought raw materials from South America and other less developed countries

Global trade expanded

State Expansion
Shifts from non-state control to state control in India, Indonesia, and Congo
Settler colonies
The British, French, Dutch, and Spanish expanded into Africa
Social Darwinism Nationalism "Civilizing mission" Desire to religiously convert populations
Indigenous Responses

New States

Independent states in the Balkans Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria Cherokee Nation Zulu Kingdom

Rebellions occurred in West Africa, Peru, India, U.S., and Sudan

Revolutions

Society
Working Class

Needed little skills and was the largest social class

Poor working and living conditions

Worked in industrial factories and coal mines

Middle Class

Was no longer at the bottom of society

Paid fairly well

Worked on farms or as artisans

Atlantic Revolutions

Haitian Revolution Mexican Revolution Brazilian Independence

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen in the French Revolution
Declaration of Independence from the British colonies
Economic Changes
Karl Marx argued for socialism
Political, social, educational, and urban reforms
Banks, the stock market, and limited-liability corporations helped expand business opportunities
Consumerism and a higher standard of living developed in the working and middle classes
Transnational businesses such as HSBC Banks and Unilever
Free markets
Laissez-faire capitalism
Industrial Revolution
Government's Roles

Reforms depended on the type of government a country had

Reformed Egypt's economy

Russia forced industrialization to catch up to the western countries

Japan was no longer so isolated

Transportation and Communication

Railroads Steamships Telegraph

Production

Steel Chemicals Electricity Precision Machinery

Fossil Fuel Revolution was important
Effects

Textile industry flourished in India but severely damaged Egypt's

Causes

Urbanization Improved agricultural productivity Access to waterways Coal, iron, and timber Access to foreign resources Accumulation of Capital

The Enlightenment
Feminism

Seneca Falls Conference

Women's right to vote and holding equal power in politics and the economy

Olympe de Gouge

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen

Covered an array of rights women should have

Mary Wollstonecraft

Women should receive the same education as men

Ended Serfdom

Human rights movements

Advancements in the economy

Slavery was abolished across many countries

Occurred mostly because industrialization decreased the amount of slave labor needed

Suffrage was expanded
Montesquieu Hobbes Locke Jacques-Rousseau Voltaire
Provided the roots for the Atlantic Revolutions
Nationalism

Brought on many revolutions during this time period