relatives

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relatives

You can see if a relative clause is defining or non-defining by removing it from the sentence.

If you remove a defining relative clause, the sentence has a different meaning or is incomplete. - That’s the student who failed English class three times

If you remove a non-defining relative clause, the sentence still has the same meaning. - My brother, who lives in California, is an engineer.

A relative clause is a phrase that adds information to a sentence. All relative clauses describe a noun, and they begin with one of these relative pronouns or relative adverbs.

which (to describe things – non-defining relative clauses)

that (to describe things – defining relative clauses)

whose (to describe possession)

whom (to describe people – object)

who (to describe people – subject)

Relative Pronouns

which or that

Use that for defining relative clauses, and don’t use a comma before it. -The bananas that I bought on Monday are rotten.

Use which for non-defining relative clauses, and use a comma before it. - The bananas, which I bought on Monday, are rotten.

Relative Adverbs

why (to give a reason)

where (to describe places)

when (to describe times)