Kategorier: Alla - presentation - practice - behaviorism - constructivism

av Lizbeth Arias för 3 årar sedan

392

Theories of learning

Theories of learning such as behaviorism, constructivism, and cognitivism focus on different approaches to teaching and learning. Behaviorism emphasizes the use of tasks as the primary unit in planning and classroom instruction.

Theories of learning

Theories of learning

Rivers have always been essential for human life and settlement. A source for drinking, the source of food, and a way to transfer goods from one place to another. They are essential in the environment of rainforest and wetlands.

Cognitivism

The Yangtze holds the title of Asia’s longest river. The Yangtze has a momentous place in China’s history and culture, providing some of the country’s most fertile land as well as some of its most artistically inspiring scenery.

Where the Mekong river runs, the land is incredibly verdant shaping one of the richest areas of biodiversity on the planet. Thousands of species call its shores and waters home. Long an essential trade route the Mekong passes through, or close to, some of the region’s most important cities, including Vientiane, Phnom Penh and Saigon.

Real-world tasks

The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia. Its estimated length is 4,350 km.

From the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through China's Yunnan Province, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
The Mekong rises as the Za Qu and soon becomes known as the Lancang (Lantsang) in the 'Three Rivers Source Area' on the Tibetan Plateau in the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve. It approaches and empties into the sea through the Mekong Delta. Tributaries: Nam Khan, Tha, Nam Ou, Mun, Tonle Sap, Kok, Ruak.

A role play in which students practice a job interview would be a task of this kind.
Are tasks that reflect real-world uses of language and which might be considered a rehearsal for real-world tasks
Pedagogical tasks

The Yangtze or Yangzi is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country (Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai provinces). It rises in the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau and flows 6,300 km in a generally easterly direction to the East China Sea.

Tributaries: Yalong, Min, Tuo, Jialing, Han, Wu, Yuan, Zi, Xiang, Gan, Huangpu.
In mid-2014, the Chinese government announced it was building a multi-tier transport network, comprising railways, roads, and airports, to create a new economic belt alongside the river.

The task itself is not something one would normally encounter in the real world
Use of specific types of language (skills, grammar, vocabulary)
Intended to require the use of specific intreractional strategies

Behaviorism

The Volga is the longest river in Europe. The waters of the Volga are used to irrigate the steppe regions of southern Russia. Because of its importance in the country, the Volga has mythological status in Russia, and many iconic sites are found along its banks

The Danube is the second-longest river in Europe. Travelers can experience many of the river's sights by embarking on a cruise along its waterways. Danube River Cruises, which are offered by Viking Cruises, typically stop in Cologne, Budapest, Nuremberg, Belgrade and Krems. Following the river is a way to experience several Eastern European cities in one trip. Famous monuments, such as the Hungarian Parliament, have been erected on its coast.

Use of tasks and sees them as the main unit to use, both in planning teaching (ie in the development of a syllabus) and also in classroom teaching.

The Volga is the longest river in Europe with a catchment area of 1,350,000 square km.
Eleven of the twenty largest cities of Russia, including the capital, Moscow, are located in the Volga's drainage basin. Rising in the Valdai Hills 225 meters above sea level northwest of Moscow and about 320 km southeast of Saint Petersburg, the Volga heads east past Lake Sterzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. From there it turns south, flows past Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov, and Volgograd, and discharges into the Caspian Sea.
Tributaries: Kama, Oka, Vetluga, and Sura. The Volga Delta has a length of about 160 kilometers and includes as many as 500 channels and smaller rivers.

Constructivism

Production: Students practice using the new structure in different contexts often using their own content or information.
Practice: Students practice using the new structure in a controlled context, through drills or substitution exercises
Presentation: The new grammar structure is presented, often by means of a conversation or short text.