LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATING IN ELT METHODOLOGY
Conflict is present everywhere in the world around us. We experience conflict on a daily basis, and it can be minor or major.
Conflict in a story is a struggle between opposing forces. Characters must act to confront those forces and there is where conflict is born. If there is nothing to overcome, there is no story. Conflict in a story creates and drives the plot forward.
B. CATEGORIES AND TYPES
In this type of conflict, a character must take on society itself, and not a single person. The character stands at odds with societal norms and realizes the necessity to work against these norms. This is an external conflict.
Types of testing
Give examples of man versus society conflict in the real world.
Some of these types of testing are:
- Diagnostic tests: Analyse the information providing diagrams of each class.
- Placement test: Students are placed in a certain group according to their test results.
- Progress test: Shows if a student is learning new knowledge or not.
- Direct test: Test are aimed to a particular skill by the teacher preference.
- Indirect test: Tests the use of language in real life situations.
- Non referenced testing: Measures the knowledge and compares it with another participant results.
- Criterion referenced tests: It uses a score that can be interpreted by the student rather than a percentage one.
There are numerous types of testing, it differs from things such as the test itself, its purpose or according to the authors
Test categories
Give examples of man versus society conflict in a literary work.
The test categories are:
- According to purpose
- According to test timing
- According to test administration
- Is answer type
- According to decision type
- According to item format type
- According to evaluation method
- According to test quality
There are a total of 8 categories, said categories were divided by Ivanova.
A. MEASUREMENT QUALITIES
This situation results from a protagonist working against what has been foretold for that person. While this conflict was more prevalent in stories where gods could control fate, such as in ancient Greek dramas, there are still examples of this type of conflict in more contemporary literature.
Validity
Since in real life we can't say that such examples of man versus supernatural, there are some superstitions that can influence a person's life.
Give examples of these superstitions.
There are various types of test validities:
- Content validity
- Predictive validity
- Face validity
- Factorial validity
- Etc...
Needs to measure what you intended, also there needs to be enough informational support to prove a test validity.
Reliability
Give examples of man versus fate conflict in a literary work.
The three aspects of reliability according to Miller are:
- Equivalence
- Stability
- Internal consistency
Result must be the same as trials, scores need to be stable and not have any major changes.
The purpose of a test in language
A more contemporary type of conflict, this situation results from humans involved in a struggle with man-made machines. This is an external conflict.
According to Hughes
Give examples of man versus machine conflict in a literary work.
Is to measure the language proficiency and qualities of a student.
D. MEASUREMENT
In this type of conflict, a character is tormented by natural forces such as storms or animals. This is also an external conflict.
There are multiple measurement tools, said tools will improve our comprehension of testing, assessment information to make a better judgement. For example:
Give examples of man versus nature conflict in a literary work.
- Analytic Rubric: It provides a description of each criteria in a detailed way, each criteria has an individual score. This rubric will help a person have a better and clearer understanding about their process and performance, giving them their weaknesses and strengths in a more specific way.
- Holistic Rubric: Has a general score for all the criteria presented, according to the level of achievement of the student. Compared to the analytic rubric this one doesn’t take much time and it's efficient for big groups. However, detailed information is not recollected
Rubrics: Is a measurement tool that helps you judge certain performance according to a criteria.There are two type of rubrics...
C. EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT
A situation in which two characters have opposing desires or interests. The typical scenario is a conflict between the protagonist and antagonist. This is an external conflict.
Evaluation
Give examples of man versus man conflict in the real world.
Evaluations has two purposes:
- For learning
- For development
Is a wider process where you can discernment with the information collected.They need to be authentic and has to be a collaborative job between students and teachers.
Assessment
Give examples of man versus man conflict in a literary work.
- Assessment of progress: Gives us enough information to provide feedback to know if something is successful and what it needs to be reinforced.
- Formative assessment: Gives us information while in the process of learning / teaching.
- Summative assessment: Recolects information after the process is finished.
- Direct assessment: Is a direct observation of knowledge with measurable indicators.
- Indirect assessment: Compare one student’s performance against another one’s through assumptions.
- Self assessment: Where one subject , teacher or student analyse their own performance and process.
Is the process of gathering data about a student’s learning process and/or a teachers teaching methods:
