Modern smartphones come equipped with various hardware components designed to enhance user experience and functionality. A notable feature is the notification LED, which alerts users to missed calls, messages, and other notifications through blinking or pulsing lights.
is often used by smartphones as much as possible as it offloads traffic from cell networks on to local area networks.
A cellular network
is a communication network where the link to and from end nodes is wireless.
Software
Mobile app
A mobile app is a computer program designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone. The term "app" is a shortening of the term "software application".
Application stores for the iPhone and iPod Touch
The introduction of Apple's App Store for the iPhone and iPod Touch in July 2008 popularized manufacturer-hosted online distribution for third-party applications (software and computer programs) focused on a single platform.
Messaging
A common data application on mobile phones is Short Message Service (SMS) text messaging.
IOS
is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc.
Android OS
is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones
Types
Feature phone
Smartphone
Sales
By manufacture
By mobile phone operator
Hardware
A hardware notification LED
is a small RGB or monochrome LED light usually present on the front-facing screen bezel (display side) of smartphones and feature phones whose purpose is to blink or pulse to notify the phone user of missed calls, incoming SMS messages, notifications from other apps, low battery warning, etc.
Subscriber identity module (SIM)
The SIM card is approximately the size of a small postage stamp and is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the unit.
Speakers
In sound, smartphones and feature phones vary little. Some audio-quality enhancing features, such as Voice over LTE and HD Voice, have appeared and are often available on newer smartphones. Sound quality can remain a problem due to the design of the phone, the quality of the cellular network and compression algorithms used in long-distance calls.
A display
One of the main characteristics of phones is the screen. Depending on the device's type and design, the screen fills most or nearly all of the space on a device's front surface. Many smartphone displays have an aspect ratio of 16:9, but taller aspect ratios became more common in 2017.
A battery
The average phone battery lasts 2–3 years at best. Many of the wireless devices use a Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery, which charges 500–2500 times, depending on how users take care of the battery and the charging techniques used.
A central processing unit (CPU)
Mobile phones have central processing units (CPUs), similar to those in computers, but optimised to operate in low power environments.
Mobile CPU performance depends not only on the clock rate. but also the memory hierarchy also greatly affects overall performance.
