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PRESENTE PERFECT

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USE OF THE INFINITIVE AND PAST PERFECT

Reported (or indirect) speech

Questions whithout auxiliaries

Mr and Mrs clark and parcy? reggae popular all over the world? near the school? o cup of coffee?

Verb painted made live wants

Subject who which singer how many people who

I CANT HELP YOU simple past. HE SAID ( THAT) HE COULD HELP ME simple past. IM WATCHING TV present continuous. SHE SAID (THAT) SHE WAS WATCHING TV past continuous.

Reported speech he said (that) he loved me she said (that) she had just arrived he tald me ( that) they would come at eight jack told anna ( that) he didnt want to go the party.

direct speech i love you i ve just arrived well come at eigth idont want to go to the party

Use the past perfect when you are already talking about the past and want to talk about an earlier past action

the form of the past perfect is the same for all persons had is sometimes contracted to d

when i woke up the yard was all white. it had snowed during the nigh. = it snowed before i woke up.

have to, dont have to, must , must not, cant

must/ must not/ cant

you must do your homework tonight. you must not leave your bags here. you cant bring food intro the library.

dont contract have or has. i have to go. NOT i ve to go?

use do/ does to make questions and negatives. do i have to go? NOT have i go to?

use dont have+ verb (base form) to say that there is no obligation

use have to+ verb (base form) to talk about rules and obligations.

Use of the gerund (verb + ing)

often some verbs, e.g. like, love, hate, enjoy, etc.

it can be affirmative (e.g. going) or negative (e.g. not going)

Use the infinitive

after adjetives

e.g what, where, when, etc

Ofter some verb

e.g want, need, would, would like, etc.

EXAMPLE

i dont know where to go or what to do

infinitive without to

sit

infinitive to

to sit