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classification of materials

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Metals

Type of metals

nNon ferrics

Alloys

Blended with other metals or non-metals, obtained from the fusion of all components.

Cupro-nickel (copper + nickel)

Hard pieces of ships Production of coins

Highly corrosion resistant

Nordic Gold (copper + aluminum + zinc + pond)

Coins of 10, 20 and 50 cents

Looks very similar to gold, but not contains it

Bronze (copper + pond)

Musical instruments Statues and monuments Engrenatges taps

Dark yellow, orange More traction resistant brass Corrosion resistant Very fluid when melted, which makes it very suitable for mold It is hard and has a low melting point

Brass (copper + zinc)

Radiators, locks, hinges Decoration, needles, taps Bells Musical instrument

Yellow Very ductile and malleable Tensile strength of 53 kg / mm2 Zinc reduces the melting point, the electrical and thermal conductivity provided by copper Zinc improves the mechanical properties provided by copper and facilitates molding

Pure

Titanium

Biomedical implants Engines and rockets and aircraft structures Reflective paint Desalination plants

Dark gray Very hard very expensive Resistant to corrosion from seawater Very good mechanical resistance Bio compatible

Magnesium

Airplanes, rockets Pyrotechnics and explosives Refractories for furnaces Improved grip objects

Bright white very light Expensive Ductile and malleable Liquid or was it reacts violently with oxygen Essential for human life

Aluminium

Planes, missiles, tanks and ships Aluminum foil Containers for food cartons Tennis Rackets bicycles Windows, doors, radiators High Voltage Cables Kitchenware

Bright white light Good resistance to corrosion cheap Tou nontoxic Good electrical and thermal conductivity Low melting point Very malleable and ductile The most abundant on Earth Easy and cheap to recycle

Zinc

Galvanized steel to protect it from corrosion Batteries for laptops and missiles Component metallic paints barriers tubes

Bluish-white Highly resistant to corrosion Essential for human life Moderately hard and fragile It becomes malleable between 100 and 150 ºC

Pond

Welding electrical and electronic tubes

Bright bluish-white Tou stainless malleable ductile Resistant to corrosion from sea water, distilled tap Low melting point (231ºC)

Copper

Subtopic

Applications

Conductive materials Solenoids, motors integrated circuits Coins Sculptures Pesticides Tubes

Red Excellent conductor of heat and electricity Good welding Ductile and malleable Forming alloys improves their metallic properties but loses conductivity Very important in plant photosynthesis Essential for human life

Ferrics

Depending of the percentage of carbon have different alloys

2%

Foundries

0.1%

Steels

0%

Soft iron

Alloys whose main element is iron.

Environmental impact

Rubbish

Industrials

Ships, aircraft, machinery, remnants of industrial processes, drums ...

Particulars

Foil, cans, cartons, bags of potatoes, bottle caps, cars, bicycles, aerosols ...

Metal industry

The electrochemical processes consume a lot of electricity, which is usually generated power pollutants (gas, oil, coal ...)

The furnaces consuming fuel (coal, gas ...) and emit smoke pollutants, although leak.

Extraction

The fact that metals are to be extracted from mines or quarries, makes it much damage the landscape and the environment.

Properties

Relatively cheap

Especially steel.

Malleability

It is the ability of a material to deform plastically, obtaining thin sheets without breaking.

Ductility

It is the ability of a material to deform plastically. Under the action of a force can be deformed without breaking, obtaining thread

Some are magnetic

Magnetism: Some metals have magnetic properties which are displayed as they are attracted by magnets (ex. Iron)

Conductors of electricity

Electrical conductivity: Measures the ability of a material to pass an electric current. It depends on the atomic and molecular structure of the material, and the temperature

Oxidation / Corrosion

Corrosion: It is the reaction of a metal with its environment (humidity, water ...), but the presence of liquids.

Oxidation: This is the reaction of a material with oxygen in the absence of liquids. It is a natural process. It transforms into a metal oxide, which is more stable.

Shine

Measure the intensity of incident light reflection on the surface of a material

Melting temperature

High

Melting temperature: Temperature at which a body passes from the solid state to the liquid state. Titanium (1800ºC) Steel (1500ºC) Tin (231ºC)

Tenacity

Shock resistance without breaking.

Heat conductors

Thermal conductivity: Measure how easily the heat passes through a material. Depends on the material and no of the shape.

They drive the heat very well

Heavy

They have a very high density

Density is the amount of matter per unit volume. The value comes from dividing the body mass has the volume it occupies. Units: kg / m3

Resistance

Support very well the forces of compression, traction and bending.

Ability to withstand different types of forces without breaking

Solid

At ambient temperature, except mercury.