the Victorian Compromise

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British have to impose their superiority ( GOD'S OBLIGATION) to NATIVE POPULATION

colonial writers as R. Kipling exaltend the concept of 'THE WHITE MAN'S BURDEN'

expansion of the empire= MISSION

IN :

-way of life

-law

politics institutions

DARWINISM

Literature: NATURALISM phylosophy: DARWINISM

Naturalism is a literary current developed in France in the 2nd half of XIXth century. It explains the reality in its scientific aspects and it is founded on the concept of the 'natural selection'

scientific dicovery, geology and biology gave a question: ' is the universe transparen and stable to intellect?'

BIBLE: his story is discarded by Darwin, in fact he thinks that weakest species deserve to be defeated.

'On the origin of species': man is the result of a process of evolutions and in the fight for life only the strongest species survived

The Victorian Age (1837-1901)

STABILITY and GREAT SOCIAL REFORMS

POVERTY and INJUSTICE SOCIAL UNREST

Victorian emphasis upon moral conduct was influenced by Evangelicalism

values respected by all social classes(expecially BOURGEOISIE) BUT they wanted to APPEAR RESPECTABLE only in front of society.

Answer the following questions about 'Victorian Age': 1) Which are the fundamental aspects of the 'Victorian Age'? 2)What is the code of values based on? 3)How is Victorian society's structure? 4)What is 'Patriotism'? 5)In the Victorian Age which were the most important books that talk about the origin of the world and its inhabitants?

SOCIETY

In 'The Picture of Dorian Gray' Oscar Wilde describes Victorian society: middle class is characterised by 'DUBLE FACE' and hypocritical manners.

SEXUALITY (repressed) vs PRUDERY

-rejection of words with sexual connotation from everyday vocabulary

- refuse of nudity in art

POOR PEOPLE STRAY CHILDREN DRUNKEN MEN FALLEN WOMEN

fallen women: single women with a child ostracised and emarginated by the society

THOMAS HARDY 'Tess of the D'Urbervilles'

RESPECTABLY was: -morality -hypocrisy -severity -conformity -female chastity

MIDDLE CLASS: society's values were applicated to FAMILY

-CHILDREN'S EXPLOITATION and HOUSE'S MANAGING by WOMAN

-MAN'S authority

-patriarchal unity

the Victorian Compromise

PATRIOTISM: pride and national fervar with ideas of RACIAL SUPERIORITY

find an apparent confirmation at the variety of the races and people

RACES: divided by physical and intellectual differences.

VICTORIAN VALUES:

AUTHORITY

-CHARITY

-RESPECTABILITY

-HARD WORK

-DUTY

UTILITARIANISM

KEY WORDS: -usefulness -happiness -avoidance of pain

the utilitarians ( Jeremy Bentham) neglected human and cultural values: any problem could be overcome trough reason

It wants to find an EQUILIBRE between the oppisite parts of society

EVANGELICALISM

inspired by John Weasley, the founder of methodism. It advocated - sunday observance - stict code of behaviour - Dedication to humanitarian causes and social reforms.

EMPIRICISM

legislation should help men with positive aspects represented by MENTAL ENERGY

-EDUCATION -ART -REFORMS for POPULAR EDUCATION

emancipaton of women -trade union organisation -co-operatives -extension of representation to all citizens

Dickens and Mill