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Elements
Substances whose atoms have the same atoms have the same atomic number
Atomic radii and bond length is typically around 10^-10 (0.1nm)
The length of the bond is the distance between two joined atoms
The size of an atom is given by its atomic radius(half its diameter)
Particles are held together by electrostatic forces
Forces of attraction between positive and negative charges
The further the particles the weaker the forces
To calculate ratio of an atom
Ratio= Distance between atoms Diameter of atom
The smallest particle that make up a substance is called an atom
The smallest atoms are helium at 62x10^-12 m in diameter
Distance between two helium is 55x larger than diameter of the atom
It usually irreversible and creates a new substance
The particles then form in a different way
Reversible and no new substances made
In a physical change the particles are the same but their arrangement and movement change
E.g. Ice melting
The particle model is used to describe the arrangement of particles and their different states
The particle model is used to explain certain properties of a substance
Matter is made from paritcles