Communication barriers

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Organigrama

af Leo Ramirez

Sample Mind Map

af Juanito Rodriguez Saenz

BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE LINGUISTICS

af Sara Salazar

WHAT IS LINGUISTICS?

af Coraima Bocca

Non-verbal communication

Nonverbal communication is one in which the sender and receiver do not use words to convey the messages

Artifact:

It deals with the study of objects and accessories in an environment or context of communication.

There are 4 types of objects:

Hidden objects:

those that are not detected by the public, but their use has been planned

For example

a bouquet of flowers, tablecloths, pens, water, glasses

Revealed:

they are the ones that the communicator uses with emphasis, shows the receivers.

projector, video.

Incidental:

those that affect the recipients, even if they are not part of a plan to use them.

fan, lamp.

Integrated:

used for a specific purpose.

For example

table, podium.

Paralinguistics:

Study of oral, auditory, tactile or visual signs. These non-linguistic variations where sounds are present and words are absent.

For example:

Crying.Laughter.The tone of voice (intensity and volume).The rhythm (pause or haste).

Kinesics:

It refers to body language, gestures and movements that accompany communication to enhance it; They are used to convey ideas and feelings.

The expressionGestures (hands, arms, head…)The facial expression.The look.The smile.displacement

Distance types

INTIMATE DISTANCE:

between 15 and 45 cm. a lot of confidence, communication is done through the look, the touch. Private intimate area less than 15 cm.

PERSONAL DISTANCE:

between 46 and 120 cm. At work, meetings, assemblies, parties, friendly conversations.

SOCIAL DISTANCE:

between 120 and 360 cm. This distance separates us from strangers.Example: the saleswoman of a store.

PUBLIC DISTANCE:

occurs at more than 360 cm. And it has no limit. Eg: conferences or talks.

Types of nonverbal communication

Proxemics:

It is the study of the use and perception of social and personal space to communicate

The anthropologist Edward Hall (1968) distinguishes the following types of space:

Fixed space:

marked by immovable structures, such as the barriers of countries.

Semi-fixed space:

space around the body. This can be invaded (staring at someone, occupying two seats with bags when people are standing).

COMMUNICATION MODELS

HEALTHY MODELS

Speaking truthfully is essential to building healthy relationships which is why we must discard so- called "White or White lies" because the truth always comes aout

We have frequently heard expressions "The important thing is not what is said ,but how it is said""Adrop honey is better than a barrel of venegar

Effective communication we must consider three doors

True

Need

Warmth or affection

People communicate we do it not only with words but

With al our being

With the body

The face

The look

Tone of voice

Our principles

values

CONTAMINATED MODELS

Virginia Satir tells us about a functional congruent communucation model the person is aware of her thoughts and emotions expresses himself honestly

His body and verbal language are :

coherent

set limits

not afraid of confrontation

Reach win win agreements

Does not blame or judme

Frank

direct

clear

respectful

Virginia Satir states that communication is vital in interpersonal relationships accuser

Conciliator or appeaser

Try to appease in order to avoid the the anger of the other

Apologizes

Wants to please

To be accepted

Always agree

Seek the approval of others

The most common expressions of the conciliator are

As you prefer

What you say sounds goog to me

What ever you decide is correct

Evasive or distracting

Ignorw thw threat

Seek mechanisms to focus attention on another topic

disperses

Is elusive

Avoid confrontation

It does not resolve conflicts

The victim

Use sentences like

It¨s my fault

Everything happens to me

Relationsnalist or calculator

Adopt a correct attitude

sensible

Sereme

Over reasonable

Cold

without reflection of emotions

Use intellectual language to deal with the threat

Resort to dating

Scientifec explanations

Emit sentences like

According to that author

As provided by law

Subtopic

The victimiser

Is the accuser

Authoritarian

Attitude of superiority

impose their apinions

look for defects

criticeze and blame others

Use phrases

It¨s your fault

I¨m right

It is as I say and period

You are always wrong

Communication barriers

Types of barriers communication

PSYCHOLOGICAL

Relating to attitudes,prejudices, moods emotional states of the sender or receiver

FOR EXAMPLE

Fear,joy sadness, anger

PHISIOLOGICAL

Physiological defects that affect the senses of the sender as well as the receiver hinder the clear transmission and reception of messages

Hearing,visual, writing,reading

SEMANTICS

Sense of words can have different meanungs different interpretations

If the sender says:"come as quickly as possible", the receiver could interpret it as "immediately"or "soon, but not urgent

PHYSICAL

Present in the environment and that prevent good communication

FOR EXAMPLE

Noise,ligting, distance,failure of means to broadcast a message:telephone, projector, acoustics,tape recorder,acreen

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