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Michael Canale and Merrill Swain developed the concept of "communicative competence" further by breaking it down into three components:
grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence. Their work provided a theoretical framework for understanding the various aspects of language proficiency in a communicative context.
Dell Hymes introduced the notion of "communicative competence," emphasizing:
the importance of not only grammatical competence but also sociolinguistic and discourse competence. His work influenced the shift towards a more holistic approach to language teaching, aligning with the principles of CLT.
David Wilkins contributed to the development of CLT by:
introducing the concept of "Notional Syllabuses," which focused on communicative functions and notions rather than just linguistic structures. This idea helped shape the communicative competence aspect of CLT.