The instructional design approach emphasizes continuous interaction between the instructor and learner, focusing on extracting individual experiences and cognitive processes. This method promotes a holistic consideration of environmental factors affecting learning.
Learning performance, how to data can be used to improve teaching, how the data can be used to improve learning
Implementing
Incoporating various forms of media, methods, and technology into lessons
What needs to be learned and how learning will be accomplished
Gather information about the learner, content, setting and how can teacher can assist as motiivator and creater
Focus on learners needs and goals
Strength of model
Designed to focus on content
Appeals to teachers
Small scale:
One or few hours of instruction
Individual lesson
Holistic approach to ID
Start anywhere in the model.
Evauluation Instruments
Similar to ADDIE
Evaluate
Design
Develop
Implement
Analyze
Philosophical Foundations
Every teacher is unique and will employ the elements differently.
It assumes that if the existing instruction meets the objectives, there is no need to revise and innovate.
Perfom little or no formtive evaluation on the materials
Using this classroom-oriented model, an individual with little insturctional design skill could perform minimal front end anaylsis and develop apiece of instruction using few or no additional resources.
Continuous implementation and evaluation through the instructional design process
Focus on providing instructional strategies for developing and performance soultions.
Instructional Problems
Different from other models:
Perspective of the learner
Model components are independent of each other
emphasizes management of the instructional design process
Circular rather than linear
Content Sequencing
9 Key Elements:
Note: Not all elements are required for all projects
9. Select resources to support instruction and learning activities.
8. Develop evaluation instruments to assess objectives.
7. Plan the instructional message and delivery.
6. Design instrucional strategies so that each learner can master objectives.
5. Sequence content within each instructional unit for logical learning.
4. State instructional objectives for learner.
3. Identify subject content, and analyze task components related to stated goals and purposes.
2. Examine learner characteristics that should recieve attention during planning.
1. Identify Instructional problems, and specify goals for designing an instructional program.
Development of Insturction
Designing the Message
Cognitivism
Holistic approach to instructional design that considers all factors in the environment
Learning is based off of what is going on inside the head versus displayed behavior.
Instructor isalways interacting with the learner to develop the learning style.
The constant interaction is extraction of individual experiences and processes of the learner by the instructor.
Implies deep processing: exploring, organizing, and synthesizing content
Instructional Objectives
Learner Characteristics
Instructional Strategies
Summative Evaluation
Morrison, Ross and Kemp Model
(everything in purple is the model ) (also note that the model should be completely round)