Energy Systems, Fatigue and Recovery
Increase body temp
Fuel depletion
Metabolic by-products
Nutrition
Active
Anaerobic
INFORMATION
Lactate Inflection Point
Greater LIP allows the athlete to work at greater intensities using aerobic system
Athletes would train above LIP to allow for adaptations to occur for them to increase their LIP
Intensity where lactate production exceeds removal
Oxygen Consumption
Oxygen deficit:
- usually at the onset of exercise or when there is an increase in intensity
- Oxygen supply DOES NOT meet demand
- Anaerobic Systems
Oxygen debt or EPOC:
- At the end of exercise
- Oxygen supply is GREATER then demand to restore the body
- Aerobic system
Steady state:
- Oxygen supply MEETS oxygen demand
- Aerobic System
Acute reposnes
Cardiovascular
(transport more blood around the body)
Increased venous return: blood coming back to heart
Decrease blood plasmae: The water component of blood - due to sweating
Increased AVO2 difference: the amount of oxygen taken in by the muscles
Increased blood pressure: blood is pumped harder out of the hard
Increased distribution to muscles: more blood delivered to muscles
Increased Stroke volume: amount of blood pumped out per beat
Increased Heart rate: beats per minute
Muscular
(resynthesize ATP for movement
Increase Lactate production: due to breaking down fuels for energy
Increase muscle temperature: due to the reactions of creating energy
Decrease fuels: Fuels are used to resynthesize ATP
Increased motor unit recruitment: motor units and neurons; messages sent from brain to create muscular contraction
Respiratory
(get more oxygen into the body)
Increase diffusion: Amount of O2 moved from lungs to blood
Increase Ventilation: Amount of oxygen breathed in and out per minute
Increase Respiratory Rate: Breathes per minute
Increase Tidal Volume: Size of breathe
Fatigue and Recovery
Recovery
Passive: remaining still to restore PC
Active: Keeping heart rate and breathing rate above rest to ensure more oxygen is being consumed and transported to working muscle for recovery
Fatigue
Neuromuscular Events
Brain sends weaker signals or less signals in attempt to weaken or stop muscle contraction = have to stop or slow down
Increased body temperature
Blood is redistributed to the surface of skin and away from working muscles where its needed (oxygen and nutrients)
Can lead to sweating = decrease in plasma = heart has to work harder
Metabolic By-products (Anaerobic glycolysis and ATP-PC):
a by-product from ATP resynthesis with no oxygen that disrupts muscle function
Can be H+ (hydrogen ions) or Pi and ADP
H+ increases acidity of muscles which disrupts/weakens contraction
Build up of Pi or ADP interfers with muscle contraction
Contractions are weaker = less force
Need to slow down to use oxygen = slower
Fuel Depletion (ATP-PC and Aerobic Glycolysis):
No more fuel is left to resynthesis ATP
Need to rely on next energy system = Slower
Energy Systems
Interplay
Each are dominant/predominant at different times depending on:
- Intensity
- Duration
- Fatigue
- Recovery time
Energy systems work together to resynthesize ATP
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Sporting examples: 400m sprint, repeated efforts in basketball, 100m freestyle
Recovery: Active
Fatigue: Metabolic By-products (lactic acid/H+)
Rate: Fast
Yield: 2 ATP
Duration: Up to 60 secs, used for repeated efforts
dominant 5-30 secs
Intensity: High, >85%
Fuel: Glycogen (NO O2)
Aerobic
Sporting examples: marathon, recovery time in sport, long duration
Recovery: Food, cool down and rest
Fatigue: Fuel depletion, increased body temp and neuromuscular events
Rate: Glycolysis (moderate) and Lipolysis (slow)
Yield: High (glycogen - 38 and fats - 100+
Duration: 60 seconds+
Intensity: Submax <85% or rest
Fuel: Glycogen (glycolysis) or Lipids (lipolysis)
ATP-PC
Sporting Examples: Shot put, sprinting, jumping
Recovery: Passive (3-10 minutes)
Fatigue: Fuel depletion or metabolic by-product
Rate: Fastest
Yield: LOW (0.8-1 ATP)
Duration: 1-10 secs (dominant 1-5)
Intensity: Max, >95%
Fuel: PC
