Energy Systems

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Energy Systems, Fatigue and Recovery

Increase body temp

Fuel depletion

Metabolic by-products

Nutrition

Active

Anaerobic

INFORMATION

Lactate Inflection Point

Greater LIP allows the athlete to work at greater intensities using aerobic system

Athletes would train above LIP to allow for adaptations to occur for them to increase their LIP

Intensity where lactate production exceeds removal

Oxygen Consumption

Oxygen deficit: - usually at the onset of exercise or when there is an increase in intensity - Oxygen supply DOES NOT meet demand - Anaerobic Systems

Oxygen debt or EPOC: - At the end of exercise - Oxygen supply is GREATER then demand to restore the body - Aerobic system

Steady state: - Oxygen supply MEETS oxygen demand - Aerobic System

Acute reposnes

Cardiovascular (transport more blood around the body)

Increased venous return: blood coming back to heart

Decrease blood plasmae: The water component of blood - due to sweating

Increased AVO2 difference: the amount of oxygen taken in by the muscles

Increased blood pressure: blood is pumped harder out of the hard

Increased distribution to muscles: more blood delivered to muscles

Increased Stroke volume: amount of blood pumped out per beat

Increased Heart rate: beats per minute

Muscular (resynthesize ATP for movement

Increase Lactate production: due to breaking down fuels for energy

Increase muscle temperature: due to the reactions of creating energy

Decrease fuels: Fuels are used to resynthesize ATP

Increased motor unit recruitment: motor units and neurons; messages sent from brain to create muscular contraction

Respiratory (get more oxygen into the body)

Increase diffusion: Amount of O2 moved from lungs to blood

Increase Ventilation: Amount of oxygen breathed in and out per minute

Increase Respiratory Rate: Breathes per minute

Increase Tidal Volume: Size of breathe

Fatigue and Recovery

Recovery

Passive: remaining still to restore PC

Active: Keeping heart rate and breathing rate above rest to ensure more oxygen is being consumed and transported to working muscle for recovery

Fatigue

Neuromuscular Events

Brain sends weaker signals or less signals in attempt to weaken or stop muscle contraction = have to stop or slow down

Increased body temperature

Blood is redistributed to the surface of skin and away from working muscles where its needed (oxygen and nutrients)

Can lead to sweating = decrease in plasma = heart has to work harder

Metabolic By-products (Anaerobic glycolysis and ATP-PC): a by-product from ATP resynthesis with no oxygen that disrupts muscle function Can be H+ (hydrogen ions) or Pi and ADP

H+ increases acidity of muscles which disrupts/weakens contraction Build up of Pi or ADP interfers with muscle contraction

Contractions are weaker = less force Need to slow down to use oxygen = slower

Fuel Depletion (ATP-PC and Aerobic Glycolysis): No more fuel is left to resynthesis ATP

Need to rely on next energy system = Slower

Energy Systems

Interplay

Each are dominant/predominant at different times depending on: - Intensity - Duration - Fatigue - Recovery time

Energy systems work together to resynthesize ATP

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Sporting examples: 400m sprint, repeated efforts in basketball, 100m freestyle

Recovery: Active

Fatigue: Metabolic By-products (lactic acid/H+)

Rate: Fast

Yield: 2 ATP

Duration: Up to 60 secs, used for repeated efforts dominant 5-30 secs

Intensity: High, >85%

Fuel: Glycogen (NO O2)

Aerobic

Sporting examples: marathon, recovery time in sport, long duration

Recovery: Food, cool down and rest

Fatigue: Fuel depletion, increased body temp and neuromuscular events

Rate: Glycolysis (moderate) and Lipolysis (slow)

Yield: High (glycogen - 38 and fats - 100+

Duration: 60 seconds+

Intensity: Submax <85% or rest

Fuel: Glycogen (glycolysis) or Lipids (lipolysis)

ATP-PC

Sporting Examples: Shot put, sprinting, jumping

Recovery: Passive (3-10 minutes)

Fatigue: Fuel depletion or metabolic by-product

Rate: Fastest

Yield: LOW (0.8-1 ATP)

Duration: 1-10 secs (dominant 1-5)

Intensity: Max, >95%

Fuel: PC