Genetics Unit

Mere som dette

Interephase and Meiosis I

af April Papps

Cell Cycle

af Zean Ramos

Meiosis

af Casey Chen

Genetic Variance

af Nicholas Nguyen

Genetics Unit

Type in the name of the company you are going to have an interview with.

Blood Basics

How ambitious are you?

Type (OO)

O-

1 in 15 people have it

O+

Plasma Antibodies = ab

Type AB (AB)

AB-

1 in 167 people have it

AB+

1 in 29 people have it

Plasma Antibodies = NONE

Type B (BB,BO)

B-

1 in 67 people have it

B+

1 in 12 people have it

Plasma Antibodies = a

Type A (AA,AO)

A-

1 in 16 people have it

A+

1 in 3 people have it

Plasma Antibodies = b

What Makes up our blood?

PLATELETS

these are tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding.

Plasma

This part of the blood contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins such as antibodie.

White blood cells

Are part of the immune system and help protract us from infections and diseases.

Red blood cells

This cell is the most abundant cells in our blood. They are produced in the bone marrow and have a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our cells.

Sex Linked Traits

Carrier

A female who “carries” the recessive allele on one X chromosome

Y-linked trait

this trait is in humans, which talks about a gene that is carried on the Y chromosome

Sex-linked trait

In this trait genes are carried on one of the sex chromosome that is in both sexes.

Autosomal trait

In this trait the gene is carried on a non sex chromosome. which in presented in two copies in both sexes.

Humans - XX is female and XY is male

Why will/did you leave your existing/last job?

Mistakes in Meiosis

Do you fully understand what this position implies?

After you've made some research on the company, read the job description thoroughly, and try to fully understand what your responsibilities will be.

2) Errors During Crossing Over

Translocation

Results in a Gene not being able to be expressed properly

Inversion

Deletion

Results in a loss of genetic information

Duplication

Results in an extra copy of the gene

This Occurs when DNA is not exchanged properly during recombination

1) Errors During Chromosome Division

Polysomy - more than 1 extra chromosome

Results in Down Syndrome

Trisomy - One extra chromosome

Results in Klinefelter Syndrome

Monosomy - One missing chromosome

Results in Turner’s Syndrome

this error occurs when chromosomes in meiosis do not divide properly, which results in gametes with extra or missing chromosomes

Meiosis

Are you qualified for this position?


Interviewers will want to know whether or not you are able to do the job.

Answer the questions from this section and see if you are the right person for this position.

Meiosis II

Cytokinesis II

Four genetically different daughter cells form

Telophase II

In this stage the Nuclear membrane reassembles, chromosomes decondense, and the spindles disappear

Anaphase II

In this stage the spindle fibers pull the chromatids apart

Metaphase II

In this stage the chromosome pairs align along the equator of the cell, and then the Spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the chromatids

Prophase II

In this stage the nuclearmembrane begins to break down, spindle fibers begin to form, and the centrioles begin to move to poles

Meiosis I

Cytokinesis I

Cytokinesis occurs forming two genetically different daughter cells

Telophase I

In this stage the nuclear membrane reforms and the spindle fibers retract.

Anaphase I

In this stage the chromosome pairs are separated and are pulled to opposite ends

Metaphase I

In this stage the tetrads line up along the equator randomly this is so genetic variation can occur, then the spindle fibers attach to the pair of sister chromatids

Prophase I

In this stage Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form from centrioles, and the nuclear membrane breaks down

Meiosis, the process by which sexually reproducing organisms generate gametes, is an essential precondition for the normal formation of the embryo

Cell Cycle/Mitosis

Research the company

You should find and learn as much as you can about the company where you are having an interview.

The interviewer will want to see what you know about them and why you chose the company.

Doing your homework will show that you are really interested.

5.Cytokinesis

In this stage the cytoplasm and organelles are distributed between two daughter cells.

4.Telophase

In this stage the nucleolus reappears, spindle fibers dissapear, cytoplasm pinches inward at the equator creating a furrow, chromatids uncoil and elongate, and there will be 2 nuclei in 1 cell temporarily.

3.Anaphase

In this stage chromatids separate at the centromere to produce two identical chromosomes. Then Each chromatid is pulled toward opposite poles as spindle fibres shorten

2.Metaphase

firstly Duplicated chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. Then Spindle fibers attach at the centromere of each duplicated chromosome. Then the Duplicated chromosome is held perpendicular to the spindle fibres. lastly Chromosomes are still condensed and thick

1.Prophase

In this stage Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell, then Chromatins condense into chromosomes and duplicated chromosomes become visible. Sister chromatids also are joined at the centromere. then the nuclear membrane breaks down. lastly Spindle fibers begin to extend from the centrioles

Interphase

G2 - organelles replicated

S - replication of chromatin

G1 - primary growth phase

Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the number of chromosomes is maintained.