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Light refracts towards a focal point
Makes light rays converge
() shape
Subtopic
Makes light rays diverge
)( shape
Makes image smaller
Diverges light rays
Bulges out
Makes image bigger
Converges light rays
Scoops in
Angle of incidence is the same as the angle of reflection
CMY mixed together makes black
Primary colours are CMY, Secondary colors are RGB
Taking away light to make colours
RGB mixed together makes white light
Primary Colours are RGB, Secondary colours are CMY
Adding light to make colours
Most things are not luminous
Objects that produce light are luminous
Triboluminescence (light is produced when an object is moved or scratched)
Electron Discharge (an electric current passes through the air or a gas)
Chemiluminescence (light produced by a chemical reaction)
Phosphorescence (chemicals create glow in the dark paint)
LED (electricity flows through a semiconductor which releases light)
Fluorescence (chemicals absorb UV energy and change it into light)
Incandescence (light from heat)
Radiowaves, microwaves, infrared rays, human vision, UV rays, x-rays, gamma rays (radiowaves have the longest wavelength and gamma rays have the shortest)
Human vision is the only light that we can see Red, orange, yellow, green, blue indigo, violet
Floods and other extreme weather events can cause injuries
Higher temperatures could lead to new diseases
Bad for mental health
Inhaling polluted air can cause respiratory issues
Can affect the availability of resources
Winter tourism will suffer
Effects of climate change damage things we use everyday (power, roads, buildings, etc)
Rising ocean levels
Increased temperatures
Ocean acidification
Melting glaciers and permafrost
Phenological mismatches
Habitat destruction
Something that takes out a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere and stores it (ex. plant, ice, water)
Something that contains and releases a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere (ex. vehicles, factory, volcano)
Humans are bad for the planet 👍
Earth naturally keeps greenhouse gases in check but humans are increasing the amount and it's hard for the Earth to keep up
Water vapour, caron dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides are greenhouse gases.Greenhouse gases are good unless they're excessive
Earth's natural way to stay warm. The amount of gases in the atmosphere are usually just enough to regulate climate
Determines how strong or the acid or base is
Reactants combine to make a product
Balancing equations so both sides are equal
In a chemical reaction matter cannot be created or destroyed
Prefixes
ex. triphosphorus disulphide
Covalent Bond
Share electrons to become stable
Diatomic Molecules
All the 'gens' and the Halogens
Non-Metal and Non-Metal
Suffixes
'ide'
Non-Metal and Metal
Polyatomic
'ite' or 'ate'
Multiple elements join together to act like an ion
Multivalent
Charge is represented in Roman Numerals
More than one ionic charge
Anion or Cation
Positive or Negative charge
Very contagious and contagious for a long time
Takes a while for symptoms to appear (2 weeks)
Very serious
Spreads easily
Kills a lot of people
Vomiting or diarrhea (Digestive)
Muscle or body aches (Muscular)
Fever or chills (Lymphatic)
Cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing (Respiratory)
Shoots
In charge of transpiration
Above ground (stem, leaves, flowers, and fruit), pulls water through vascular tissue
Roots
Below ground, take up water and nutrients and send them to the stem
Lymphatic
Can gives you a fever, or make you swell up as an immune response
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
Lymphocytes destroy bad things by creating antibodies
Phagocytes trigger a response by alerting lymphocytes
Makes sure you don't get sick
Digestive
We need nutrients and energy from food to survive so this is important
4 Stages: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Egestion
Esophagus, Stomach, Intestines, Rectum
In charge of digesting food and absorbing nutrients
Respiratory
Breathing is involuntary and controlled by the brain
Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi, Alveoli
Interacts with the circulatory system in the alveoli
In charge of gas exchange (breathing)
Ground
Provides stem support, stores food and water in the roots, helps with photosynthesis. Similar to Nervous Tissue
Meristematic
Unspecialized, found throughout the plant in charge of plant growth. Similar to Connective Tissue
Vascular
Moves things from roots to leaves, and transports sugars from the leaves all around the plant. Similar to Muscle Tissue
Epidermal
Forms protective outer coating and helps with gas exchange. Similar to the Epithelial Tissue
Epethelial
Lines the inside and outside of the body, has glands that make sweat, hormones, and enzymes. Similar to Epidermal Tissue
Muscle
Allows movement. Similar to Vascular Tissue
Connective
Supports and protects the body, forms blood, stores fat, fills up the empty space. Similar to Meristematic Tissue
Nervous
Responds to stimuli, and transmits and stores information. Similar to Ground Tissue
Cancer cells don't stop reproducing, and can move to another location of the body, they are dangerous
Normal Cells self destruct when they're too old or damaged, and only reproduce for about 50-60 divisions
Organs but for cells
Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane, Golgi Apparatus, etc
Mitosis is PMAT
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
They divide to help you grow, to repair wounds, to replace dead cells, and when a baby is being developed
