JOINTS

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JOINTS

JOINTS FLEXIBILITY

DEVICES USE FOR MEASURING JOINT RANGE AND MOTION

LEIGHTON FLEXOMETER

ELECTROGONIOMETER

GONIOMETER

MEASURING JOINT RANGE AND MOTION

ROM for flexion is therefore considered to be the size of the angle through which the extended extremities moves from zero degrees to the point of maximum flexion.

Measured directionally in units of degrees.

COMMON JOINTS INJURIES AND PATHOLOGIES

OSTEOARHTRITIS

RHEUMATOD ARHTRITIS

ARHTRITIS

BURSITIS

DISLOCATION

CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

DIATHROSES

the articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage (protective layer of dense white connective tissue covering the articulating surfaces), an articular capsule (double-layered membrane that surrounds every synovial joint), and synovial fluid (clear, slightly yellow liquid that provides lubrication inside the articular capsule at synovial joint)

AMPHIATHROSES

cartilaginous joint attenuate applied forces & permit more motion of the adjoining bones than synarthrodial joint.

SYNATHROSES

these fibrous joints can attenuate force (absorb shock) but permit little or no movement of the articulating bones.

JOINTS ARCHITECTURE

DIATHROSES(FREELY MOVABLE)

Gliding (plane; arthrodial) Hinge (ginglymus) Pivot (screw; trochoid) Condyloid (ovoid; ellipsoidal) Saddle (sellar) Ball & socket (spherroidal)

AMPHIATHROSES(SLIGHTLY MOVABLE)

Synchondroses symphyses

SYNATHROSES(IMMOVABLE)

Sutures Syndesmoses