Kategorier: Alle - 文化

af Illya Chang 4 år siden

282

Social Ch2 The self

人们在社会互动中会形成对自我的认知,这种认知受到他人评价和社会比较的影响。自我概念包括可能的自我和社会自我,而自尊则是衡量个体自我价值感的重要指标。自我效能感是指个体相信自己能够完成某事的信念,这种信念影响着个人的行为和成就。文化对自我认知也有显著影响,个人主义文化倾向于强调独立自我,而集体主义文化更注重互依自我。自我控制是一种有限的能量,个体通过自我监控和自我呈现来管理他人对自己的印象。

Social Ch2 The self

Social Ch2 The self

Self-handicapping

动机-保护自尊

impression management
self-monitoring

变色龙(Chemeleon)-变成他人希望的样子

self-presentation

向外在别人,向内在自己

Self-serving bias

人处理记忆时产生的by-product

可能带来maladaptive

Unrealistic optimism
defensive pessimism
self-serving attributions

Self-control

energy-limited

learned helplessness
locus of control

internal

external(归因为天生,不会想要改变

self-efficacy

you believe you can do sth(not all)

Self-esteem

威胁来自family\friends(大于stranger, due to social comparison)

Narcissism

与confidence的差异:

confidence: normal,不需要受到别人的赞许

Narcissism:abnormal,一定要获得别人的赞同

terror management theory

Self-concept

Self-knowledge
self-analysis

dual attitude system

implicit attitude:可通过repeated practice改变

explicit attitude:更容易改变

immune neglect
impact bias

小事件的impact更持久(温水煮青蛙)

大事件的impact更短

重大事件会立即激发人们的防御机制(免疫)

planning fallacy
Self and culture
collectivism

interdependent self

individualism

容易影响离婚率

independent self

Social self(influence social concept)
Other people's judgement

looking-glass self.

我们觉得别人怎样看待我们是基于我们自己的subjective,尤其是nonverbal

Success&failure

Success(Ex:helping other people) increase self-esteem(involve self-worth)

self-esteem最大的照妖镜是两性关系

Social comparisons

Self-concept influenced by others.

人倾向与相似的作比较(Ex:同年龄,同专业)

upward comparison: compared with people who are better than us will cause 苦恼。

downward comparison cause comfortable.

The social identities we form

social identities(a sense of belonging) is a part of self identities

The roles we play

面具戴久了就会变成reality

possible selves
self-schema