SOILS

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SOILS

formed by rocks decomposed by

plants

animals

wind

rain

sun

factors that influence soil formation

CL.O.R.P.T

T: time

with enough time, soil becomes more developed

P: parent material

R: relief

change in elevation

O: organism

CL: climate

rainfall, temperature and humidity

Division of soils

VERTISOL

-dry out regularly

makes soil "break"

makes it impossible for horizons to be formed

-have a lot of clay on them

HISTOSOL

unstable and dangerous to build on

-highly acidic

-wetland soils

ANDISOL

-rich in nutrients

-volcanic soils

OXISOL

.very developed horizons

-rainforest soils

MOLLISOL

.grassland soils

-darkest and most fertile soil

ARIDISOL

-dessert soils

(not sandy desserts)

ULTISOL

-subtropical locations

-lots of iron

ALFISOL

-usually under broadleaf and decidious forest

-rich in iron and aluminum

SPODOSOL

-low fertility

-acidic due to pine needles

-in coniferous and boreal forests

GELISOL

-little horizon development

permafrost

-at high latitudes

INCEPTISOL

-sligtly more horizon development

ENTISOL

-most common type on Earth

-very young

-no horizons

has layers

HORIZONS

R horizon

just rock

C horizon

composed by large rocks and gravel

where bedrock is slowly degrading into soil

B horizon

furthest roots go

subsurface

A horizon

where living organisms are

also called "biomantle"

O horizon

where dead plant matter is

their formation takes thousands of years

3 types of weathered rock (depending on the size)

depending on the different quantities of each one, the soil will have different properties

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silt (medium)

sand (biggest)

clay (smallest)

Formed by weathering and erosion

erosion: When smaller rocks are carried away from parent rocks

because of wind or water

weathering; Is the breaking of rocks into smaller rocks

by a physical or chemical process