INTELLIGIBILITY

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INTELLIGIBILITY

Dependent on 'counts of sameness'

'being understood' by the listener

Sources of problems

The use of intonation

Using pitch variation to send information, like expressing intentions.

No variation in pitch → impression that the speaker is bored or uninterested.

The use of rhythm

There must be an alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables.

The use of stress

Not stressing one syllable more than another. Stressing the wrong syllable.

'written' → 'retain' 'comfortable' → 'come for a table'

Links between words

Word boundaries are negotiated by

A composite sound

'this year' → using consonant /ʃ/ between words → 'the shear'

A sound mierger

Final consonant merges with the first consonant 'nice shoe' → 'ny shoe'

Linking sounds

Inserting /w/ or /j/ to link words: 'go in' → 'go win' 'the aim...' → 'the yame'

Sound insertions

Adding sounds.

'speak' → short vowel added at the beggining → 'a-speak'

Sound deletions

Leaving out a sound.

'hold' → final consonant 'd' deleted → sounds like 'hole'

Sounds substitutions

Substituting one sound for another.

'My friend is sick' ≠ 'My friend is thick'. 'sick' and 'think' pronounced as /s/

Affecting factors

By listener

> Ability to use contextual clues when listening.

> Familiarity with the foreign accent.

By speaker

> Idiosyncratic speech habits.

> Speaking too quickly.

> Lack of confidence about pronunciation; pauses; hesitations.