lec 1

Mehr dazu

Structural Stregnth and Stability

von Gracie Paolo

#monica-writing-entry-btn-root { ._monica-theme-d2f2b383 { --theme-text-primary: #262626; --theme-text-secondary: #404040; --theme-text-tertiary: #595959; --theme-text-quaternary: #8C8C8C; --theme-text-disable: #BDBDBD; --theme-text-white-primary: #FFFFFF; --theme-text-white-secondary: #FFFFFF; --theme-text-link: #1E6FFF; --theme-text-link-active: #1E6FFF; --theme-text-brand: #6841EA; --theme-icon-primary: #222226; --theme-icon-secondary: #3D3D43; --theme-icon-tertiary: #55555D; --theme-icon-quaternary: #868692; --theme-icon-disable: #D9D9DD; --theme-icon-white-primary: #FFFFFF; --theme-icon-white-secondary: #FFFFFF; --theme-icon-brand: #6841EA; --theme-btn-fill-primary: #6841EA; --theme-btn-fill-primary-hover: #9373FF; --theme-btn-fill-primary-active: #522BD6; --theme-btn-fill-secondary: #ECECEE; --theme-btn-fill-secondary-hover: #F5F5F5; --theme-btn-fill-secondary-active: #D9D9DD; --theme-btn-fill-tertiary: #F0EBFF; --theme-btn-fill-tertiary-hover: #DFD5FE; --theme-btn-fill-tertiary-active: #B8A3FB; --theme-btn-border-primary: #4F59661F; --theme-btn-border-secondary: #4F596614; --theme-fill-tsp-components-primary: #4F59661F; --theme-fill-tsp-components-secondary: #4F596614; --theme-fill-tsp-components-tertiary: #4F59660A; --theme-fill-btn-primary: #ECECEE; --theme-fill-btn-secondary: #F5F5F5; --theme-fill-white: #FFFFFF; --theme-fill-tsp-blue: #185CEB14; --theme-fill-tsp-brand: #6841EA14; --theme-fill-tsp-brand-primary: #6841EABF; --theme-fill-tsp-brand-secondary: #6841EA73; --theme-fill-tsp-brand-tertiary: #6841EA3D; --theme-fill-tsp-gray: #4F596652; --theme-fill-black-none: #252528; --theme-label-tsp-brand-primary: #6841EA1F; --theme-label-tsp-brand-secondary: #6841EA14; --theme-border-light: #4F596614; --theme-border-primary: #4F59661F; --theme-border-quaternary: #4F596633; --theme-border-active: #6841EA; --theme-border-white: #FFFFFF0A; --theme-tab-fill: #4F596614; --theme-tab-fill-active: #222226; --theme-tooltips-fill: #000000D9; --theme-bg-white: #FFFFFF; --theme-bg-gray-primary: #F5F5F5; --theme-bg-gray-secondary: #FAFAFA; --theme-bg-mask: #00000073; --theme-bg-menu-white: #FFFFFF; --theme-bg-menu-gray: #F5F5F5; --theme-bg-tsp-gray-primary: #F5F5F5E6; --theme-bg-tsp-white-primary: #FFFFFF; --theme-bg-gray-nav: #ececee; --theme-bg-tsp-white-secondary: #FFFFFF73; --theme-function-info: #3BBFFF; --theme-function-success: #00AA5B; --theme-function-warning: #FFAB00; --theme-function-error: #EA3639; --theme-function-error-border: #FFA4A3; --theme-function-warning-light: #FDFAE9; --theme-function-warning-border: #FFE266; --theme-shadow-s1: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); --theme-shadow-s2: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); --theme-shadow-s3: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); --theme-box-shadow-s1: 0px 1px 20px 0px var(--theme-shadow-s1); --theme-box-shadow-s2: 0px 8px 24px 0px var(--theme-shadow-s2), 0px 0px 1px 0px var(--theme-shadow-s2); --theme-box-shadow-s3: 0px 12px 40px -4px var(--theme-shadow-s3), 0px 0px 2px 0px var(--theme-shadow-s2); } ._monica-theme-d2f2b383._monica-dark { --theme-text-primary: #F3F3F3; --theme-text-secondary: #DBDBDB; --theme-text-tertiary: #AAAAAA; --theme-text-quaternary: #7A7A7A; --theme-text-disable: #4C4C4C; --theme-text-white-primary: #E9EAED; --theme-text-white-secondary: #E9EAED; --theme-text-link: #5E8CFF; --theme-text-link-active: #3767EB; --theme-text-brand: #7F58FD; --theme-icon-primary: #F3F3F4; --theme-icon-secondary: #BFBFC4; --theme-icon-tertiary: #A7A7AE; --theme-icon-quaternary: #77777E; --theme-icon-disable: #4A4A4F; --theme-icon-white-primary: #F3F3F4; --theme-icon-white-secondary: #F3F3F4; --theme-icon-brand: #7F58FD; --theme-btn-fill-primary: #7F58FD; --theme-btn-fill-primary-hover: #8363E9; --theme-btn-fill-primary-active: #5E40BF; --theme-btn-fill-secondary: #56565F3D; --theme-btn-fill-secondary-hover: #56565F52; --theme-btn-fill-secondary-active: #56565F52; --theme-btn-fill-tertiary: #3C2B73; --theme-btn-fill-tertiary-hover: #332560; --theme-btn-fill-tertiary-active: #271F42; --theme-btn-border-primary: #A2B1D733; --theme-btn-border-secondary: #A2B1D71F; --theme-fill-tsp-components-primary: #56565F52; --theme-fill-tsp-components-secondary: #56565F33; --theme-fill-tsp-components-tertiary: #56565F1F; --theme-fill-btn-primary: #2d2d2f; --theme-fill-btn-secondary: #252528; --theme-fill-white: #0000003D; --theme-fill-tsp-blue: #5E8CFF1F; --theme-fill-tsp-brand: #765AD01F; --theme-fill-tsp-brand-primary: #765AD0D9; --theme-fill-tsp-brand-secondary: #765AD0A6; --theme-fill-tsp-brand-tertiary: #765AD073; --theme-fill-tsp-gray: #56565FA6; --theme-fill-black-none: #2D2D2F; --theme-label-tsp-brand-primary: #765AD03D; --theme-label-tsp-brand-secondary: #765AD01F; --theme-border-light: #56565F33; --theme-border-primary: #56565F52; --theme-border-quaternary: #56565F73; --theme-border-active: #7F58FD; --theme-border-white: #FFFFFF0A; --theme-tab-fill: #56565F1F; --theme-tab-fill-active: #77777E; --theme-tooltips-fill: #000000F2; --theme-bg-white: #202020; --theme-bg-gray-primary: #252528; --theme-bg-gray-secondary: #1B1B1D; --theme-bg-mask: #00000073; --theme-bg-menu-white: #282828; --theme-bg-menu-gray: #2D2D2F; --theme-bg-tsp-gray-primary: #252528E6; --theme-bg-tsp-white-primary: #25272D; --theme-bg-gray-nav: #2D2D2F; --theme-bg-tsp-white-secondary: #0000003D; --theme-function-info: #0F76BC; --theme-function-success: #278056; --theme-function-warning: #B07807; --theme-function-error: #8E2827; --theme-function-error-border: #742525; --theme-function-warning-light: #443518; --theme-function-warning-border: #634B1B; --theme-shadow-s1: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); --theme-shadow-s2: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32); --theme-shadow-s3: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45); } } .monica-writing-entry-btn-wrapper { position: absolute; right: 9px; bottom: 2px; pointer-events: all; user-select: none; -webkit-user-drag: none; } .monica-writing-entry-btn { position: relative; height: 28px; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; border-radius: 28px; background: var(--theme-bg-white); box-shadow: 0px 1px 4px 0px var(--theme-shadow-s2), 0px 0px 1px 0px var(--theme-shadow-s3); overflow: hidden; } .monica-writing-clickable-box { position: absolute; right: 0; bottom: 0; height: 100%; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2px; } .monica-writing-clickable-group { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 2px; } .monica-writing-clickable-item { cursor: pointer; user-select: none; -webkit-user-drag: none; display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; align-items: center; box-sizing: border-box; height: 24px; padding: 3px; border-radius: 12px; color: var(--theme-icon-disable); transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; } .monica-writing-clickable-item-bg:hover { background: var(--theme-border-primary); } .monica-writing-clickable-item.monica-writing-off:hover { color: var(--theme-text-brand); } .monica-writing-clickable-item.monica-writing-writing { color: var(--theme-text-brand); } .monica-writing-clickable-item.monica-writing-open { color: var(--theme-text-brand); opacity: 0.5; } .monica-writing-divider { background-color: var(--theme-border-light); min-width: 1px; height: 12px; } .monica-writing-grammar-checking-content { min-width: 18px; height: 18px; display: flex; box-sizing: border-box; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: center; border-radius: 16px 16px 6px 16px; color: var(--theme-text-white-primary); white-space: nowrap; } .monica-writing-grammar-checking-loading { background: var(--theme-icon-brand); } .monica-writing-tooltip_wrapper { z-index: 9999; } .monica-writing-grammar-checking-content.monica-writing-grammar-checking-has-result { background: var(--theme-function-error); padding: 2px; } .monica-writing-grammar-checking-content.monica-writing-grammar-checking-result-than-100 { border-radius: 16px 8px 3px 16px; padding: 2px; } .monica-writing-grammar-checking-result { color: var(--theme-text-white-primary); font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; line-height: 16px; } .monica-writing-grammar-checking-icon { animation: monica-writing-grammar-checking-icon-rotate 1s linear infinite; } @keyframes monica-writing-grammar-checking-icon-rotate { from { transform: rotate(0deg); } to { transform: rotate(360deg); } } .monica-writing-caret { width: 1.5px; background-color: var(--theme-border-active); pointer-events: none; position: absolute; border-radius: 1px; } .monica-writing-caret-head { background-color: var(--theme-border-active); width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 6px; position: absolute; left: -2.25px; } @media print { .monica-writing-entry-btn { display: none; } } .monica-writing-primary-btn { box-sizing: border-box; padding: 4px 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; color: var(--theme-text-white-primary); background: var(--theme-btn-fill-primary); border-radius: 8px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; } .monica-writing-primary-btn:hover { background: var(--theme-btn-fill-primary-hover); } .monica-writing-primary-btn:active { background: var(--theme-btn-fill-primary-active); } .monica-writing-text-btn { font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; color: var(--theme-text-tertiary); cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; padding: 4px 8px; border-radius: 8px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; width: 100%; } .monica-writing-text-btn:hover, .monica-writing-text-btn:active { color: var(--theme-fill-tsp-components-secondary); } .monica-writing-gc-guide { position: absolute; right: 0; bottom: 30px; width: 300px; min-height: 100px; border-radius: 20px; background: var(--theme-bg-white); box-shadow: var(--theme-box-shadow-s1); padding: 16px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; user-select: unset; } .monica-writing-gc-guide-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; } .monica-writing-gc-guide-title { flex: 1; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; font-size: 16px; } .monica-writing-gc-guide-close { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0; cursor: pointer; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--theme-text-quaternary); } .monica-writing-gc-guide-close:hover { background: var(--theme-fill-tsp-components-secondary); } .monica-writing-gc-guide-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; } .monica-writing-gc-guide-msg { font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; color: var(--theme-text-primary); } .monica-writing-gc-guide-img { padding: 0 20px; } .monica-writing-gc-guide-img img { width: 100%; height: auto; } .monica-writing-gc-guide-footer { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 8px; } .monica-writing-gc-guide-footer .monica-writing-primary-btn, .monica-writing-gc-guide-footer .monica-writing-subscribe-btn { width: 100%; } .monica-writing-gc-setting-guide { width: auto; } .monica-writing-gc-setting-guide .monica-writing-gc-guide-footer { align-items: flex-end; } .monica-writing-gc-setting-guide .monica-writing-primary-btn { width: auto; min-width: 60px; } .monica-writing-gc-guide-setting { color: var(--theme-text-brand); cursor: pointer; } .monica-writing-gc-guide-setting:hover { opacity: 0.8; }

von Flor Valderrama

structure

von ALVARO HERNANDEZ ADAMUZ

Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers.

von JHON JAIRO SANCHEZ MEDINA

lec 1

Prefix-Codes

typeface

Serif is decoration at end of letter strokes

Times, Courier and Arial

family of graphic , sizes & styles

Human perception

Less sensitive to some information

Redundancy

Recognize repeating patterns

Variable length encoding

Dictionary

Working with Text

other ways to communicate

Drop down boxes

Pop-up Message

Hyperlinking

Convert non-standard fonts to graphics

Keep lines short

Avoid scrolling text

Use space between lines

Use different colours and backgrounds

Avoid decorative (serif) fonts for small sizes

Compression

Compression ratio = B0%B1

Lossy

Lossy Methods

MP3

MPEG

JPEG

Video and audio compression

Exploits redundancy & human perception

does not allow recovery

Lossless

Lossless Methods

LempelZiv

Huff-man

Creating the Binary tree

2.Repeat until the list has only one symbol left

1.Initialization

Use binary tree to encode compressed file

Size of encoding = length of path

output path from root to leaf

Run length

WWWWWBWWWWBBBWWWWWWBWWW

5W1B4W3B6W1B3W

one of the simplest forms of data compression.

Allows complete recovery

bit-preserving or reversible compression systems

Applied to general data

Exploits Redundancy in data

The process of coding that will effectively reduce the total number of bits