Stimulants

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Stimulants

Khat

leaves/shoots wrapped in banana leaves

Schedule I

no medical use

Africa

legal

Ethiopia

Somalia

Yemen

Kenya

Djibouti

banned for use

Turkey

Jordan

reduce catecholaminergic synapse receptors

possible violent behavior

high physcial dependence

chewed

orally ingested in tea

increase dopamine release and slow reuptake

traditional

chewed by Eastern Africans

medicinal

stomach ulcers

male infertility

fatigue

diabetes

recreational

to lift mood

Amphetamine

methamphetamine

Desoxyn

Crystal meth

prescription

Adderall

Dextroamphetamine

Focalin

Dexedrine

Ritalin

Illegal to sell

decriminalization- $100 fine for user amounts

medically legal

stimulates sympathetic branch of ANS

dilates bronchioles

severe anxiety

convulsions

addiction

withdrawal

chronic psychosis

Acute toxicity

increased blood pressure

increase heart rate

increase breathing

increase blood sugar

paranoia

snorting

injravenous injection

pill ingestion

stimulates release of neurotransmitters

increase soldier performance

depression thehrapy

ADHD

weight control

narcolepsy

Cocaine

Common Forms

Crack

Coca paste

Cocaine Hydrochloride (powder)

Regulation

United States

Oregon

decriminalized- $100 fine for user amount

illegal to sell

Schedule II

not legal,

physician prescription non-refillable

How it Works

blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters

Concerns

chronic toxicity

strong addiction

physical withdrawal symptoms

damaged mucous membranes (snorting)

heart palpitations & arrhythmias

use during pregnancy

"crack babies"

acute toxicity

insomnia

overdose

Administration

smoking

intravenous

inhalation

Effects

affects catecholamine receptors

CNS stimulation

Uses

Recreational

increase performance

Medicinal

local anesthesia