von Ariana Harris Vor 4 Jahren
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They built roads and trenches, cleared land mines and carried wounded men
He used the tactic called 'Creeping Barrage' to take the ridge
a creeping barrage involved artillery fire moving forward in stages just ahead of the advancing infantry. To work, the strategy required precise timing by both the heavy artillery and the infantry. Failure to do this would result in the artillery killing their own soldiers
Built models of Vimy Ridge for troops to practice th attack
Issued maps of battle grounds to every soldier
Accept responsibility for causing all the loss and damage of the war
Pay for the cost of the war and compensate the severely damaged countries (132 billion gold marks/$393.6 billion USD)
Finished paying it off on October 3 2010
Limit size of military to no more than 100,000 men and stop manufacturing large armaments
give up some European territory and overseas colonies
Thanks to victory, the Canadian army were now known as "Shock Troops" and an elite task force
Billy Bishop is known as Canada's top ACE
If a fighter pilot shot down five or more enemy aircraft, they were known as ACEs
By the end of the war, 40% of pilots for the Allies were Canadian
About 22,800 Canadians served as pilots, gunners, mechanics and aircrew
Later progressed into using them to drop bombs and fire at the enemy
The initial use for airplanes was to use them to fly over enemy lines to take pictures and gather information
America joined the war changing history
Half of the passengers died as a result including 128 Americans
A major turning point in the war as it drastically changed the public opinion of the war for Americans
A British passenger also carrying war supplies to Britain that was torpedoed in 1915
They could attack without warning and disappear without detection
Used by Germans to cut off Britain's supplies as they attacked supply ships heading towards Britain
It became an important for both sides to try and sink as many of the enemy supply ships as possible
Both Britain and Germany relied on ships to supply food, raw materials, medical equipment, soldiers and weapons
Halifax Explosion
The Effects
The explosion was the most devastating disaster on Canadian soil and was the largest man-made explosion the world had seen at the time
A pressure wave snapped trees, bent iron rails, demolished buildings, grounded vessels (including Imo which was washed ashore by a tsunami) and scattered fragments of Mont-Blanc for km
Nearly all structures within an 800m (half-mile) radius, including the community of Richmond were obliterated
Six square km of Halifax was wiped out. The explosion killed 2,000 people and wounded another 9,000
The Explosion
People standing close to shore were propelled through the air, sucked up in a strange whirlwind and dropped around 10m away
Some were vapourized by the force of the explosion, others lost their eyes when windows shattered
Shards of iron, wood and steel flew in all directions including the shaft of the ship's anchor, weighing more than a half-tonne
Windows were broken from 75 km away, and the shock wave felt more than 300 km away
At 9:04am the Mont-Blanc exploded
The Crash
December 6 1917 at 8:45am they collided
A small craft forced Imo to change course, putting it in the path of the Mont-Blanc and both ships blasted their horns in warning
The Mont-Blanc a French vessel was approaching from the opposite direction
The Norwegian ship Imo was leaving the Halifax Harbour carrying much-needed war supplies
Extremely important to both sides during the war
Mines/Hand grenades and other bombs
Tanks
Machine Guns
Gas Attacks
The order "Over the Top" forced men to get out of their trenches, travel in the open across No Man's Land and attempt to capture an enemies trench
Soldiers were expected to dig and rebuild trenches each night, and "SAPs" (listening posts) into No Man's Land and violently defend their trench in case of attack
Most men who were killed here were left unburied and the smell of death spread for miles in each direction
Entering No Man's Land was almost certain death
The open land between enemy trenches
If not treated properly or quick enough, it could result in amputation
A serious condition which rotted the flesh of the feet caused when soldiers fought in cold, wet conditions in trenches without the extra socks or boots to help keep their feet dry
There was a constant fear for soldiers because of the relentless and frequent attacks they faced
Uniforms were often soaking wet, filthy with mud and infested with lice
soldiers endured bone-chilling cold, unbearable heat, or constant rain and mud depending on the time of year
Life in the trenches was overall miserable and dangerous for all sisters
The British and French soon built trenches out of necessity
Trenches were easily defended and almost impenetrable
Trenches were originally lined with barbed wire and machine guns nests and were supported by heavy cannons, later sandbags also lined the trenches and tunnels were dug and underground dugouts were built
Trenches are long, thin holes in the ground that would protect soldiers from gun fire, first built by Germans
Extreme pride and willingness to sacrifice for your country
A belief that people of similar should be united
Austria expanded its Empire by conquering much of the Balkans
England and France were becoming very rich because of their colonies and were threatened by Germany because they wanted colonies as well
European nations were trying to build Empires by conquering other nations (Africa and Asia)
Triple Entente
Russia
France
Great-Britain
Triple Alliance
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Germany
Attempting to solve political threats through threats, brinkmanship (almost going to war) and war
A way of making Governmental decisions
