Assignment-Carbohydrates: Concept mapping carbohydrates

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Lactose

Lactose is a sugar (and a disaccharide) found in milk and milk products. Lactose intolerance occurs when the small intestine does not make enough of a digestive enzyme, lactase to breaks down the lactose in the food so the body can absorb it. Undigested lactose sits in the gut and gets broken down by bacteria, causing gas, bloating, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. It has the molecular formula C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.

Amylose

An enzyme, found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars. Approximately 40 percent of the amylase in the blood comes from the pancreas, which means that amylase blood tests can help diagnose conditions that affect the pancreas. Amylase splits starch to maltose, which is then split by maltase to glucose.

Cell Wall

It is a structural layer surrounding the cells of plants, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with structural support and protection.

Dextran

Dextran is the structural component in bacteria and yeast. it is a branched natural polysaccharide containing α-1,6-linkage between glucoses as the backbone with α-1,3 linked branches.

DNA

Also known as deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism. DNA molecules allow this information to be passed from one generation to the next.

Deoxyribose

A sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen. The pentose sugar has the chemical composition of C5H10O4. It contains one less oxygen -containing hydroxyl group and allows DNA to be more stable molecule than RNA.

Energy storage

Glucose is sored in the liver as glycogen and once the proper amount is stored the remainder is stored as fat in the body. Unlike glucose which is easily accessed by the body to burn for energy, fat is more difficult to access, however it can be stored limitlessly.

Structural - The cell wall's structural component is made of cellulose which is a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several B linked glucose molecules.

Sucrose

Commonly known as “table sugar” or “cane sugar”, is a carbohydrate. Sucrose is eventually used as a fuel source for energy,

Glucose

Contains 6 Carbon atoms, 12 Hydrogen atoms and 6 Oxygen atoms. Glucose is a simple sugar. it is the most abundant monosaccharide and is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis.

Energy Source

Fats and carbohydrates, are the primary fuels for muscles. Fats are metabolized more slowly than carbohydrates and are the preferred energy source during long-duration, low-intensity exercise, such as walking. As the exercise intensity increases, muscles need energy more quickly and the fuel shifts toward faster-burning carbohydrates.

Glycogen

A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a form of storage of carbohydrates (stored for of energy). It is a polysaccharide which forms glucose when hydrolyzed. When blood glucose levels drop the glycogen gets converted back to glucose and is released into the bloodstream to be used.