Categorías: Todo - organs - therapy - technology - reproductive

por Nicholas Luo - Tomken Road MS (1153) hace 2 años

369

Body Systems

Human anatomy encompasses various body systems, each with distinct structures and functions. The integumentary system includes the skin, nerves, hair, nails, and glands, playing crucial roles in protection, fluid retention, waste elimination, and temperature regulation.

Body Systems

Floating topic

Vagina

Fallopian Tube

Labia Minora

Labia Majora

Vuvla

Cervix

Uterus

Ovarian Ligament

Mammary Gland Lobules

Areola

Bone Marrow

Peyer's Patches

Lymphatic Vessels

Lymph Nodes

Body Systems

Integumentary System

Skin cancer

It causes an abnormal growth of skin cells

Flat, red spots that look crusty

Itchyness of the skin

Waxy appearance of the skin

Photodynamic Therapy

It uses a strong blue or red light laser to destroy the lesion, which is the area affected by the skin cancer

Radiation Therapy

It uses low-energy X-ray beams to destroy the tumour that is caused by skin cancer

To retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature
Glands
Nails
Hair

Muscular System

Inflammatory Myopathies

It causes weakening in muscles, specifically large ones such as neck, shoulder and hip muscles

Malaise

Symmetric proximal muscle weakness

Disease-Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs

Has a better long range control of the disease, and can prevent long term side effects

It reduces inflammation and returns muscle strength in around 2-3 months

To enable the body to move, and to circulate blood around the body
Smooth Muscular Tissie
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal System

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Arthritis

It causes inflammation and it damages joints and their surrounding structures

Joint Swelling

Joint Deformity

Limping

Loss of joint range in motion

Joint tenderness

Corticosteroids

It can be taken orally or be injected into the painful joint, therefore lessening the pain that a person feels

Counter-irritants

Rubbing this cream over an aching joint may interfere with the transmission of pain signals from the joint itself, therefore lessening the pain

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

It reduces both pain and inflammation caused by arthritis

Surrounding Tissue

Joint capsules of the neck, shoulders, hands, lower back, hips or knees

Perform vital functions

Support, movement, protection, calcium storage, and endocrine regulation

These functions enable us to survive

Connective Tissue
Joints
Ligaments
Tendons
Cartilage
Muscle
206 Bones

Endocrine System

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Thyroid disease

The thyroid produces an abnormal amount of thyroid hormone

Joint Aches

Slowed Heartrate

Hoarseness

Dry skin

Radioactive Iodine

Most of the iodine collects in the thyroid cells, where radiation can destroy the thyroid gland and any thyroid cells that take up iodine, with little effect to the rest of the body

Hypothyroidism

A disease in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones)

Produce and secrete hormones, which are chemical substances produced in the body to regulate the activity of cells or organs
Ovaries
Pineal Body
Adrenals
Parathyroids
Thyroid
Pituitary
Hypothalamus

Excretory Sytem

The kidney failure

It happens when the kidneys cannot remove any waste from the blood in the body

Swelling in the ankles and feet

Decreased urine output

Technology can cure the kidney failure

Calcium

It helps to raise the calcium levels in the body as the kidney failure reduces calcium levels drastically

Hemodialysis

It helps to remove the toxins and excess fluids caused by the kidney failure

Remove waste and excess water from the body so that the body can maintain homeostasis (ability to keep conditions the same in the body)
Skin
Large intestine
Kidneys

Lymphatic System

Lymphadenopathy

It is a swelling of the lymph nodes due to a blockage of the lymph nodes

Tender, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin

Limb swelling

Fever

Technology can cure lymphadenopathy

Radiation therapy

It uses high doses of radiation to shrink lymph nodes, lessening the swelling levels

Help the body get rid of toxins, waste, and other unwanted materials by transporting lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells
Intraepithelial lymphocytes
Lamina propria lymphocytes
Peyer's patches
Spleen
Thymus

Digestive System

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

It causes stomach contents to come back up the esophagus

Regurgitation of food or sour liquid

Difficulty swallowing

Sensation of a lump in the throat

Chest pain

Technology can cure GERD

Prokinetics

Helps the stomach empty faster

H2 Blockers

Provides short term relief of symptoms by decreasing acid production in the stomach healing the esophagus

Antacids

Relieves heartburn and other minor symptoms caused by the disease

Break down food into nutrients for your body to absorb and use for energy, growth, etc.
Anus
Rectum
Appendix
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Pancreas
Stomach
Gallbladder
Liver
Salivary glands
Mouth

Respiratory System

Asthma

It narrows and swells the airways, and produces more mucus than usual

Chest Tightness/Pain

Releivers

Help releive symptoms immedietly

The effects are only short term

Controllers

Reduces symptoms

Reduce infammation in the airways

Coughing/Wheezing

To oxygenate our red blood cells so oxygen can be carried and used around our body
Ribs
Diaphragm
Trachea
Esophagus
Epiglottis
Larynx
Tongue

Pleural Spaces

Left and Right Bronchus

Bronchiole

Pulmonary Veins

Capillaries

Aveolus

Pleura

Pharnyx
Tonsils
Adenoids
Oral Cavity
Nasal Cavity
Sinus

Female Reproductive System

Vaginal yeast infection

It causes irritation, discharge and itchiness in the vagina and vulva area

Vaginal rash

Vaginal pain and soreness

Redness and swelling of the vagina

Burning sensation while urinating or having intercourse

Azole Resident Therapy

Uses boric acid to kill all the candida fungus in the vagina

To produce and hold the egg cells necessary for reproduction, and to also feed the newborn

Male Reproductive System

Cryptorchidism

It is a condition of a lack of descent of one or both testicles into the scrotum

Being more prone to testicular cancer

Lack of healthy sperm when the boy is older

Technology can cure cryptorchidism

Orchiopexy

Manipulating the testicle into the scrotum and stitching it into place

Produce sperm to fertilize an egg in order to reproduce
Prostate
Seminal vesicles
Vas deferens
Testicles
Scrotum
Urethra
Penis

Immune System

Autoimmune disorder

It causes the immune system to attack its own healthy tissues and cells

Swollen glands

Recurring fever

Skin problems

Joint pain and swelling

Fatigue

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)

Reduces symptoms caused by the immune system, and reduces inflammation in high doses

Immunosupressants

They reduce the effect of the immune system on the body

It often leaves the body defenceless to invading cells

To keep infectious microorganisms out of the body, and to destroy any microorganism that does infect the body

Nervous System

Alzheimer’s disease

It attacks brain cells and neurotransmitters

Lack of memory

Technology can cure this malfunction

Memantine (Namenda)

Slows the progression of symptoms with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Boosts cell to cell communication by preserving a chemical messenger that is depleted by the disease

Impaired brain functions (e..g not being able to comprehend problems, not being able to understand visual images)

To control the inner organs, actions, senses, and communication

Sensory nerves and sense organs of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which monitors conditions inside and outside of the body and sends information to the CNS

The brain and spinal cord, which form a control center known as the central nervous system (CNS). This is where information is evaluated and decisions are made

Sense Organs
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Meninges

Pin Mater (Third Layer)

Arachnoid Mater (Second Layer)

Dura Mater (First Layer)

Nerves

Spinal nerves

Cranial Nerves

Afferent, Efferent, and Mixed Nerves

Spinal Cord
Brain

Circulatory System

Malfunction
Cardiovascular disease

The heart and blood vessels don't work as they should

Chest Pain

Shortness of breath

Irregular heartbeat

You get a stroke, heart attack, or arteriosclerosis, which is the hardening of the arteries (this means that the arteries are not as flexible as they used to be)

Technology can cure the malfunction

MitraClip

It helps people with worsening heart failure due to a leaky heart valve

Being inserted into the valve using a catheter, and, once in place, it helps to open the valve and close properly so the quality of life is improved

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

It is able to open arteries that are closed or blocked

Using catheters to place a stent to open blood vessels that have been closed for years

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

It repairs the heart valve by inserting a replacement valve into the aortic valve place using a catheter

Purpose
To carry blood, nutrients, oxygen, and other gases, as well as hormones to and from the cells
Organs
Coronary and Portal Vessels
Veins
Arteries
Heart
Lungs