Categorías: Todo - behaviorism - constructivism - interaction - cognitivism

por Diana Limo hace 12 años

231

LIMO EDCT551 Chapter1

Educational theories vary in their approaches to how learning occurs and how it should be facilitated, especially in the context of online learning. Behaviorism, represented by theorists like Thorndike, Pavlov, and Skinner, posits that learning is a change in observable behavior prompted by external stimuli and focuses on teaching factual content.

LIMO EDCT551 Chapter1

Educational Theory & Online Learning

Behavior Theory

Theorists: Thorndike, Pavlov, Skinner
Teach WHAT, focuses on facts
Learning is a change of observable behavior caused by external stimuli.

Connectivist Theory

Design learning for machines and humans.
The integration of principles explored by chaos, network, complexity, and self-organization. The key idea is we must be able and willing to LEARN, UNLEARN, and RELEARN.

Constructivist Theory

Interaction: Learning should be interactive
Personal Meaning
Social Presence
Higher Level Learning
Transformative Learning: (Mezirow) reflectively transforming the beliefs, attitudes, opinions and emotional reactions that constitute meaning.
Learners interact with content, other learners, and instructors to test and confirm ideas, applying what was learned
Situated Learning: The belief that learning is contextual
Teach WHY, focuses on higher-level thinking skills.
Learners interpret the world based on their own personal reality. We learn through observation, processing, and interpretation. We then personalize it.

Cognitive Theory

Learning Style: How learners perceive, interacts with and responds to the learning environment. Can be determined through different measures.
Metacognition: The learner's awareness of their own learning capabilities and be able to use that to learn effectively.
Motivational Theory: Learners should be motivated to learn.
ARCS Model (Keller): a model that addresses how to motivate learners during learning.

Satisfaction: Provide feedback

Confidence: Build confidence by moving from simple to complex/ known to unknown. Use objectivites.

Relevance: Benefit of learning

Attention: Catch and moviation

Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation
Dual Coding Theory (Paivio) Information presented in different modes will be better processed. Information processed in different parts of the brain means more encoding. Better memory!
COGNITIVE STYLE: The learner's preferred way of processing information. It is an individual different indicator.
Field-dependent and Field-Independent
It is a personality factor that influences attitudes, values, social interaction.
Strategies should be used in consideration of attention and perception.
Teaches HOW, focuses on processes and principles.
Based on cognitive psychology. Learning involves the use of memory, motivation, and thinking. Reflection is a crucial component of learning.