LIMO EDCT551 Chapter1

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Behavior Theory

Theorists: Thorndike, Pavlov, Skinner

Teach WHAT, focuses on facts

Learning is a change of observable behavior caused by external stimuli.

Connectivist Theory

Design learning for machines and humans.

The integration of principles explored by chaos, network, complexity, and self-organization. The key idea is we must be able and willing to LEARN, UNLEARN, and RELEARN.

Constructivist Theory

Interaction: Learning should be interactive

Personal Meaning

Social Presence

Higher Level Learning

Transformative Learning: (Mezirow) reflectively transforming the beliefs, attitudes, opinions and emotional reactions that constitute meaning.

Learners interact with content, other learners, and instructors to test and confirm ideas, applying what was learned

Situated Learning: The belief that learning is contextual

Teach WHY, focuses on higher-level thinking skills.

Learners interpret the world based on their own personal reality. We learn through observation, processing, and interpretation. We then personalize it.

Cognitive Theory

Learning Style: How learners perceive, interacts with and responds to the learning environment. Can be determined through different measures.

Metacognition: The learner's awareness of their own learning capabilities and be able to use that to learn effectively.

Motivational Theory: Learners should be motivated to learn.

ARCS Model (Keller): a model that addresses how to motivate learners during learning.

Satisfaction: Provide feedback

Confidence: Build confidence by moving from simple to complex/ known to unknown. Use objectivites.

Relevance: Benefit of learning

Attention: Catch and moviation

Extrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic Motivation

Dual Coding Theory (Paivio) Information presented in different modes will be better processed. Information processed in different parts of the brain means more encoding. Better memory!

COGNITIVE STYLE: The learner's preferred way of processing information. It is an individual different indicator.

Field-dependent and Field-Independent

It is a personality factor that influences attitudes, values, social interaction.

Strategies should be used in consideration of attention and perception.

Teaches HOW, focuses on processes and principles.

Based on cognitive psychology. Learning involves the use of memory, motivation, and thinking. Reflection is a crucial component of learning.