Mohamed Ashraf AbdElGhany, Rana Zamzam
Scientific Thinking
Main topic
For hypothesis to be reliable:
Unbiased
Quantitative
Testable
Repeatable
Measurable
Empirical
Design Scientific Experiment
Results
Control group, 100 people minumum.
Controlled variable
Independent Variable
Dependent variable
Make a Hypothesis.
Different technologies
How to use powerpoint.
Use Timelines.
Use Mindomo.
Scientific Method
Formulate a theory.
Repeat.
Test.
Predict results.
Hypothesis.
Observation.
5 experimental techniques
Case study
Correlation
Experimental
Survey
Natural observation
Science can be bad or good depending on how we use it.
Example of good: Analysing whether photo was manipulated or not. (Dr. Hani Farid)
Example of good: Trying to discover forged paintings.
Example of bad: Forging paintings
How to think critically:
Tools of Critical thinking
No wishful or hopeful thinking
Empiricism
Rationalism
Skepticism
How to be skeptical:
Separate variables.
Ask if hypothesis is falsifiable
Do not get attached to your hypothesis
More than 1 hypothesis
Knowledgable debate
Independent confirmation of facts
Depth
Relevance
Breadth
Acuuracy
Clarity
Fallacies for Baloney detection
Inconsistency
Misunderstanding of the nature of statistics
Statistics of small number
Observational selection
Begging the question.
Special Pleading.
Appeal to ignorance
Argument from adverse consequences.
Argument from authority.
Ad hominem.
Wrong Sciences
Pathological science
Bad science
Junk science
Pseudo science
Research Methods
Paradigm
Inductive method
Deductive method
In Class
Learn to present infront of class
Getting to know everyone in class makes it:
Make new friends
Comfortable
Fun
Learn to participate.
