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Subjunctive

Clauses

Fear

Fear verb + ne if positive and ut if negative

"ne" = that "ut" = that...not

Cum

Causal

Describes cause of main clause

Circumstantial

Describes circumstance of main clause

Indirect question

ask verb + verb in subjunctive

Indirect command

Command verb + verb in subjunctive

Ut

Purpose

Ut if positive, ne if negative + subj

Answers the question "why?"

Result

Ut + signal word + subjunctive

Tam, tantus, ita, sic

Tenses

Pluperfect

Fourth PP + essem, esses, esset, essemus, essetis, essent

Perfect stem + isse + personal endings

Perfect

Fourth PP + sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint

Perfect stem + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint

Imperfect

Present infinitive + passive endings

Present infinitive + personal endings

Personal endings (active): -m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt

Present

Passive

Vowel change + passive endings

Passive endings: -r, -ris, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur

Active

Vowel change: wE EAt cAvIAr