Animal systems

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Chapter 2 :Nutrients in food

luonut NG ENG KIAT N/A

Food pyramid

luonut Stefania Pereira

Methods of food preservation(using heat)

luonut GERALDINE CHUA JIE YI N/A

INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

luonut Joyce Ositelu

Animal systems

Circulatory System

Closed Transport System

circulates in one direction

Open Transport System

insets heart pumps a single circular vessel

Respiratory System

4 stages

4. Cellular Respiration perform various functions in the body

3. Internal Respiration Exchange of gases between blood and cell tissue

2. External Respiration Exchange of gases between lungs and blood

1. Breathing air enters leaves the lungs

Digestive systems

Structures

Gallbladder

stores bile

Liver

detoxifying blood

Small intestine

breakdown and absorption of remaining proteins and carbohydrates

Large intestine

stores wastes so minerals and vitamins can be absorbed

Stomach

food storage

Esophogus

where food travels

Mouth

breaks down food and lubricates it

4 stages of digestion

Elimination: removal of waste food materials

Absorption: transport of digested nutrients to tissues

Digestion: breakdown of complex organic molecules into smaller components by enzymes

ingestion: Taking the nutrients

Types of digestion

Chemical: enzymes and water break down food so it is absorbed

Physical/Mechanicalbreaks down food into smaller pieces using teeth

Minerals and vitamins

Minerals: bodies need to develop and function normally

Vitamins: Does not obtain energy but can assist with energy related processes

Energy

Proteins: provide structure and support

Carbohydrates: needed by all body cells as energy so nerve cells can operate

Lipids: used for storing energy,

Three main digestive enzymes

Lipase: fat breaks into fatty acids and glycerol

Protease: breaks protein into amino acids

Amylase: breaks starch into glucose