Asthma

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Sources

Losappio, L., Heffler, E., Carpentiere, R. et al. “Characteristics of patients admitted to emergency department for asthma attack: a real-LIFE study”. BMC Pulm Med 19, 107 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0869-8

Chung, M. C., Rudd, H., & Wall, N. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder following asthma attack (post- asthma attack PTSD) and psychiatric co-morbidity: The impact of alexithymia and coping. Psychiatry Research, 197(3), 246-252. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.01.008

Postma, D. S., & Rabe, K. F. (2015). The Asthma–COPD overlap syndrome. The New England Journal of Medicine, 373(13), 1241-1249. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1411863

Paymon, L. S., & Riley, P. (2018). Caregivers’ Perception of Asthma Control In Children. Pediatric Nursing, 44(1), 17–37.

Effective management of adult patients with asthma. (2019). Nursing Standard (2014+), 34(8), 43-50. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.2019.e11411

Di Marco, F., Verga, M., Santus, P., Giovannelli, F., Busatto, P., Neri, M., . . . Centanni, S. (2010). Close correlation between anxiety, depression, and asthma control. Respiratory Medicine, 104(1), 22-8. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2009.08.005

Asthma

Use this mind map structure to discover unseen connections, generate new ideas and reach a better understanding of any given subject.

Anxiety

Goals and outcomes

having control of asthma (proper management)

communication emotions/fears properly

re-breather (or paper bag)

teaching of medication and importance

deep breathing

assess the patient ability to process emotions

treat psychological

teachers

family/friends

counselor

low asthma control

trauma

Signs and Symtoms

hyperventilating

panic attack

suppress feelings

Medications

Oxygen

Corticosteroid (prevention - anti-inflammatory agents)

budesonide

beclometason dipropionate

Flovent

bronchodilator (reliever - short acting)

terbutaline sulfate

salbutamol

Albuterol

Glucocorticoids (Predsione)

Pathophysiology

causes

unknown

environmental exposure

child hood infection (Bronchiolitis)

smoking during pregnancey

possibly hereditary

risk factors

All ethnicity

all ages

Late-phase

eosinophils make the airway becomes oedematous, the bronchial wall becomes constricted and the airway is compromised by overproduction of mucus

signs and symptom

chest tighteneing

Inflammatory respiratory disease

broncho-constriction

mucus clog airways

airway obstuction of smooth muscle

Effects small and large airways

Ineffective Airway Clearance

The key points are the arguments which will support your thesis. These can be agreeing arguments or disagreeing arguments too, in each case they need to reflect on the main idea.

normal lung function

not waking from coughing

minimal side effects of medications

no limitations of activities

control of inflammation

teaching of effective way of using inhaler

Incentive spirometry

peak flow meter

meter dose

dry powder

spacers

nutrition

healthy lifestyle

control

know your environment triggers

step up or step down method

use of medication

severe cases - oxygen therapy

antibiotic medications

corticosteriods

bronchodilator

viruses

allergens

exercise

second hand smoke

Collaborative Care

Pulmonology

family/friend

mental health

coughing

chest tightening

breathlessness

low O2

COPD (Inflammatory disease that effects the small airways)

Goals and Outcomes

taking medications properly

maintain ADLs

quit smoking

maintain O2 stats above 94%

Interventions

medications

cluster care

smoking cessation

Oxygen therapy

Collaborative care

physical therapy - depending on severity

Respiratory

Risk Factors

State the main idea of the essay. This will be your thesis statement.

Age >45 years old

occupational exposure

air pollution

smoking

Signs and Symptoms

In the introduction you should state the ideas what you want to defend along the essay.

wheezing

phlegm

cough