Biological Molecules and Intermolecular Forces

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Biological Molecules and Intermolecular Forces

DIPOLE-DIPOLE

The attraction between the partially negative end of one polar molecule and the partially positive end of a different polar molecule.

• Stronger than London forces • Hold polar molecules to one anothe • Between polar molecules, influencing protein folding

DISPERSION

Examples

A temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.

• The weakest intermolecular force.

• Present in lipid bilayer

• Only forces that hold nonpolar molecules to one another

• Exist between all atoms and molecules. • Helium, and small nonpolar molecules, such as methane, CH 4(g) (in natural gas) which is why these materials are gases at room temperature

HYDROGEN BONDING

Example

Definition

A strong type of dipole interaction that happens when hydrogen (H) is bonded to nitrogen (N) or oxygen (O).

• Between polar molecules containing N, O, or F • Accounts for the properties of water: high solubility of polar and ionic substances, cohesion, adhesion, high surface tension, capillarity, high specific heat capacity, and high specific heat of vaporization. • Hydrogen bonding within proteins in spider silk contributes to its strength.

IONIC DIPOLE

Example

Definition

When a charged ion is attracted to a polar molecule. The polar molecule has a partially charged side, which pulls on the oppositely charged ion.

Facts/Characteristics

• Stronger than dipole-dipole interactions • Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. • Holds ions together in salt (NaCl) • Contributes to enzyme active sites and protein stability.