Luokat: Kaikki - atmosphere - hydrosphere - environment - covalent

jonka Leo Coulstock-Cockeram 12 vuotta sitten

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C5 - Chemicals of the Natural Environment

The document delves into various chemical principles, focusing on covalent bonding where atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell, driven by electrostatic attraction between nuclei and shared electrons.

C5 - Chemicals of the Natural Environment

C5 - Chemicals of the Natural Environment

Metals

Electrolysis

Chemicals in the Lithosphere

Identifying Positive Ions

Covalent Bonding

Eg, Carbon Dioxide CO2
Eg, Hydrogen H2
Covalent Bonds - SHARING electons
Due to electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the negative electrons shared between them
Want to make a full outer shell

Environmental Impact

Calculating Masses

Metals From Minerals

Identifying Negative Ions

Chemicals in the Hydrosphere

The Earth's Hydrosphere is in the Oceans

Chemicals in the Atmosphere

Molecular Substances Have Low Melting and Boiling Points
Usually gases and liquids at room temperature
The attractions between the molecules are very weak
Atoms within the molecules are held together by very stong covalent bonds
Dry Air is a Mixture of Gases
Molecular Substances
0.04% Carbon Dioxide
1% Argon
21% Oxygen
78% Nitrogen