Case Study: Deforestation in Kalimantan, Indonesia

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Case Study: Deforestation in Kalimantan, Indonesia

ATTEMPTS AT MANAGING RAINFORESTS IN KALIMANTAN

Conservation

- Forests are being conserved and reserved - Set aside as nature reserves (e.g. Betung Kerihun Nature Reserve) - where activites that do not damage the forest environment, such as ecotourism, are allowed & encouraged

Limitations: - ALTHOUGH nature reserves set up to protect the forests, illegal logging activity could still be detected. - Illegal logging hard to be detected BECAUSE: -> Lack of manpower -> Vastness of nature reserve -> Remoteness of logging site

Afforestation and Reforestation

- Restore forests - Teak is planted: -> BECAUSE it is valuable -> AND grows quickly

Limitations: - Original biodiversity is lost - Replanted trees cannot support the original biodiversity - MAY NOT successful without people's active participation

Controlled Logging

- Severe penalties enforced - Prevent damage from logging, selective cutting introduced to prevent trees not commercially valuable from being logged

Limitations: - Selective cutting caused the same amount of damage as clear cutting

Controlling forest fires

- Indonesian govt made it illegal to clear land using fire. - Govt monitors the occurence of forest fires. - Govt also runs campaigns to discourage people from burning forests.

Limitations: - DESPITE the law against burning forests, people still continue to use fire to clear land.

CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

IMPROVED TRANSPORT NETWORKS

Transport networks cut through forests and connect them to other settlements.

MINING

Precious stones and minerals are extracted from the ground beneath the rainforests.

GROWTH OF SETTLEMENTS

Settlements enroach into forests and cause deforestation.

INCREASE IN DEMAND FOR AGRICULTURE FOR LANDUSE

New settlers cultivate crops in small holdings while plantation owners grow oil palm over extensive areas in the rainforests.