chapter13

Lisää tämän kaltaisia

A concise model of cohesion in the text and coherence in understanding

luonut Paola Agreda Guerrero

T490

luonut Nahawand Ali

Comparative and Superlatives three dimensions

luonut Angélica Osorio Castillo

ELD Mind Map

luonut Eduardo Sasatani

chapter 13: informative speech to enlighten by sharing ideas and information

speeches designs

Causation design •Addresses the origins or consequences of a situation or event, proceeding from cause to effect or from effect to cause. •The major causes or consequences become main points in the speech

Chronological design •Explains events or historical developments in the order in which they occurred. •You can start with the beginning and trace it up to the present, or you can start with the present and then take it back to its origins

Sequential design •Explains the steps of a process in the order in which they should be taken. •Used for “how to” speeches. •The steps become the main points of the speech

Spatial design •Arranges the main points of a speech as they occur in actual space. •Provides listeners with an oral map

Comparative design •Arranges a speech by exploring the similarities or differences among things, events and ideas.

•Literal analogy: a comparison drawn from subjects from the same field of experience. •Figurative analogy: a comparison drawn from subjects from essentially different fields of experience

Categorical design: •Arranges the main ideas and materials of a speech by natural or customary divisions. •Each category becomes a main point. •No more than five categories

the informative values of a speech is measured by how much new and important information provides to the audience

A briefing is a short informative presentation offered in an organizational setting that focuses upon plans, policies or reports

helping listeners to learn

Promoting Audience Retention

Maintaining Audience Attention:

Novelty: the quality of being new or unusual

Repetition: repeating sounds, words or phrases to attract and hold attention

Contrast: attracts attention and sharpens perspetive by highlighting the differences between opposites. Includes changes in pitch, volume, movement, and rate of speech

Intensity: aspects of a speech that have a quality of striking or standing out

Relevance: refers to the extent to which a speech relates to an audience’s specific needs, interests, or concerns

Motivating Audience to Listen: To motivate listeners, especially those who are not initially interested in your subject, you must tell them why your message is important to them

forms of informative speeches

Explanation: Offers information about subjects that are abstract or complicated. •Should present the critical characteristics of a subject and offer abundant examples

Demonstration: Shows an audience how to do something. Speaker and present and discuss objects that must be used, show slides that reveal steps, or demonstrate how to do it

Description: Purpose: to describe what’s out there. Uses vivid language to illustrate an activity, object, person or place. Should give audience a clear picture of subject