jonka Abhinav Khehra - David Suzuki SS (2662) 4 vuotta sitten
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Domain
are bigger than prokaryotic cells
have a true nucleus
membrane bound organelles
nucleus houses DNA
Domain
Contain nucleus
Contain membrane bound organelles
Kingdom
contain photosynthetic pigment in plastids
non motile and live anchored to a substrate
Reproduction is primarily asexual or sexual
multi cellular reproductive organs
Tracheophyta
Phylum
They have vascular systems in stems, roots and leaves
develop pollen tube
develop flower and fruits
have protected sporangia
Angiosperms
Class
have flowers at some stage in their life
have stamens
smaller female reproductive parts
have small pollen grains that spread genetic material from one flower to another
Dicots
Sub Class
has 2 cotyledon in their seeds
Tap root
open vascular bundle
Common guava
Monocots
Sub Class
seeds with a single cotyledon
parallel-veined leaves
scattered vascular bundles in the stem
Annual bluegrass
Gymnosperms
Class
do not have an outer covering or shell around their seeds
They do not produce flowers
They do not produce fruits
They are pollinated by the wind and other natural ways
Paraná pine
club mosses
Class
reproduce sexually by spores
have horizontal branching stems, both underground and above
Lycopodium annotinum
Bryophytes
Phylum
Vascular tissues are absent
reproductive organs are multicellular and jacketed
Hornworts
Class
store carbon dioxide (CO2) for later use in photosynthesis
Phaeoceros laevis
liverworts
Class
contain thallus
single celled rhizoids
Pellia endiviifolia
Mosses
Class
multicellular rhizoid
root like subterranean tissue
Polytrichum commune
Kingdom
multicellular
mitochondria
rely on other organisms for their nourishment
develop from embryos
animals can regenerate or grow back missing parts
Echinoderms
Phylum
exclusively marine animals
larval forms show bilateral symmetry and adult forms show radial symmetry
They are triploblastic
They have a true coelom
Holothuroidea
Class
Lack arms
Bilaterally symmetrical
Sedimentary feeders
Body surrounded by tube feet
Branched tentacles surrounding mouth that are lined with modified water vascular system
Holothuria scabra
Ophiuroidea
Class
crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms
have five long, slender, whip-like arms
Ophiothrix fragilis
Crinoidea
Class
Possess a cup like body form
body position is in an upwardly erect direction
tube feet
Branching nervous system
Water vascular system
Five or more feathery arms
Elegant feather star
Asteroidea
Class
flattened body shape
Adult is radially symetrical while the young is bilateral
Freely mobile
Tube feet for locomotion
Regenerative abilities
Forbes’ sea star
Echinoidea
Class
have a globoid shape
move around on a large number of hydraulically powered tube feet
Pacific purple sea urchin
Nematodes
Phylum
Their body is bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic
They are cylindrical in shape
Their body has a cavity or pseudocoelom
They are sexually dimorphic
Adenophorea
Class
simple non-tubular excretory system
hypodermal glands present
Mermis nigrescens
Secernentea
Class
Excretory system is tubular
Three esophageal glands
Roundworm
Platyhelminthes
Phylum
flattened
bilateral symmetry
triploblastic
have 3 germ layers
no body cavity and are acoelomate
Body is soft and unsegmented
Turbellaria
Class
reproduce by fission
mostly live in water either it be fresh or salt water
Girardia tigrina
Cestoda
Class
The body consists of segments, each containing reproductive organs
The head, or scolex, has one or more hooked suckers for firm attachment to the host
Pork tapeworm
Trematoda
Class
presence of two suckers
Fasciola hepatica
Chordates
Phylum
They are bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic
Chordates are coelomate
notochord
dorsal nerve cord
pharyngeal slits
post-anal
Vertebrata
Sub Phyla
notochord
dorsal hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal slits
post anal tail
vertebral column
Gnathostomata
Super Class
Jaws are present
also have teeth
attached to large dermal bones
Mammalia
Class
warm blooded
hairy
have mammary or milk producing glands
nourish their young ones with milk
Rodents
Group
incisors in each jaw
incisors grow continuously
a large gap behind incisors
no canine teeth
Guinea pig
Primates
Group
prehensile hands and feet
five digits on these appendages
opposable thumbs
Shoulders and Hips
have particularly flexible and limber shoulders and hip joints
Human
carnivores
Group
strength
speed
keen senses for hunting
teeth and claws for capturing and tearing prey
diet consist of only meat and other animals
Giant panda
Placental
Group
exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood of the mother and that of the fetus
include all living mammals except marsupials and monotremes
Shrew
Marsupials
Group
young are carried in a pouch
marsupials
Koala
Monotreme
Group
high metabolic rate
hair on their bodies
single bone in their lower jaw
have three middle ear bones
Short-beaked echidna
Aves
Class
spindle shaped body
forelimbs modified for flying
epidermal covering of feathers and leg scales
presence of beak or bill
well developed nervous system
4 chambered heart
Emu
Reptilia
Class
backbone
produce eggs
hard shelled eggs
have scales or scutes
ectothermic or cold blooded
Ball python
Amphibia
Class
moist, scaleless skin
cold blooded
absorb water and undergo gas exchange through their skin
American bullfrog
Osteoicthyes
Class
Skeleton more or less bony
vertebrae numerous
Skin with mucous glands
Paired fins
jaws present
Mouth with many teeth
Respiration by gills
Australian lungfish
Representative species
Chondricthyes
Class
cartilaginous endoskeleton
skin covered by placoid scales
absence of a bony operculum
absence of lungs
Basking shark
Agnathans
Super Class
Jaws are absent
Paired fins are generally absent
skeleton is cartilaginous
Hagfish
Cephalochordata
Sub Phyla
marine animals
possess elongated bodies
notochord that extends the length of the body
dorsal hollow nerve cord
Branchiostoma lanceolatum
Tunicata
Sub Phyla
larva that is free-swimming
exhibits all chordate characteristics
tunicate
Arthropods
Phylum
Exoskeletons made of chitin
Highly developed sense organs (antenna)
Jointed limbs
Segmented bodies
Ventral nervous system
Bilateral symmetry
Myriapods
Sub Phyla
Many pairs of legs
Two body sections
One pair of antennae on the head
Simple eyes
Mandibles (lower jaw) and maxillae (upper jaw)
Respiratory exchange occurring through a tracheal system
Symphyla
Class
three pairs of mouth parts
Symphylella vulgaris
Diplopoda
Class
have two pairs of legs per body segment
The body is generally rounded
Illacme plenipes
Pauropoda
Class
Each time they molt, they grow another pair of legs
They don't have eyes or a heart
Stylopauropus brito
Chilopoda
Class
one pair of legs per body segment
The first pair of legs is modified into venomous fangs
Scolopendra cingulata
Chelicerate
Sub Phyla
two body segments
six pairs of appendages
no mandibles and no antennae
Pycnogonida
Class
hinged legs
unusual proboscis
Sea spider
Merostomata
Class
dark brown exoskeleton
exoskeleton consists of three major parts
Xiphosura
Arachnid
Class
have paired, jointed appendages
that are attached to the main body
hardened exoskeleton
fused head and thorax, and an abdomen
Acari
Order
four life cycle stages
egg, larva, nymph, and adult
Red spider mite
Araneae
Order
wingless and lack antennae
have six or eight eyes and their bodies vary in size and shape
pair of palpi by the mouth
Barn spider
Scorpiones
Order
are wingless
have no antennae
broad near the front and taper to a tail
Arizona bark scorpion
Hexapods
Sub Phyla
three body segments consolidating to form the thorax
more than three pairs of legs
Entognatha
Class
wingless
mouthparts are entognathous
Protura
Insecta
Class
three main body segments
head, thorax and abdomen
have six legs
pairs of wings and specialized mouth parts
Monarch butterfly
Trilobitomorpha
Sub Phyla
segmented body regions organized into cephalon, thorax and pygidium
Body Cavity
Body Covering
trilobita
Class
body cylindrical or slightly flattened
Phacops rana
Crustaceans
Sub Phyla
A hard exoskeleton made of calcium
The head has two compound eyes
two pairs of antennae
and three pairs of mouthparts
A pair of green glands excrete wastes near the base of antennae
Brachiopoda
Class
Body cavity a true coelom
Bilaterally symmetrical
body possesses a U-shaped gut with or without an anus
Body enclosed in a pair of shells
Branchinecta paludosa
Ostracoda
Class
A transverse adductor muscle
Eucypris virens
Malacostraca
Class
head has 6 segments
Possess antennules
antennae and mouth parts
sessile eyes
Cambarus diogenes
Maxillopodsa
Class
5 head
10 trunk segments
abdominal segments typically lack appendages
Armillifer armillatus
Annelids
Phylum
long and segmented body
bilaterally symmetrical
They are triploblastic
body is covered with a thin cuticle
They are coelomate
Polychaeta
class
leg like parapodia with spiny bristles sticking out
Alitta succinea
Hirudinea
class
caudal attachment sucker
fused genital pores
absence of chaetae
Medicinal leech
Oligochaeta
class
tubular bodies
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
Mollusca
Phylum
They are bilaterally symmetrical
They are triploblastic
The body is soft and unsegmented
Body is divisible into three regions
Body is covered by a mantle and shell
Cephalopods
class
foot has developed into a set of arms or tentacles
squirt ink when threatened
Chambered nautilus
Bivalves
class
contain valves a protective shell
Blue mussel
Gastropods
class
have a muscular foot which is used for locomotion in most species
concentration of nervous tissue
Burgundy snail
Cnideria
Phylum
aquatic
all have tentacles with stinging cells called nematocysts
used for catching prey
have two body layers
separated by a jelly-like layer called the mesoglea
most have radial symmetry
Cubozoa
class
box-shaped medusa
Chironex fleckeri
Scyphozoa
class
are diploblastic
They have nematocysts
Lion's mane jellyfish
Hydrozoa
class
Internal space for digestion is the gastrovascular cavity
Exoskeleton of chitin
Presence of stinging cells called Cnidocytes
Gastrovascular cavity has one opening, the mouth
Hydra oligactis
Anthoza
class
Mouth surrounded by tentacles with nematocysts
Giant Green Anemone
Porifera
Phylum
multicellular organisms which are sessile/sedentary
Body is cylindrical, asymmetrical or has radial symmetry
lack cell walls
produce sperm cells
lack true tissues and organs
Hexactinellida
class
deep sea sponges
lack an epidermal covering
their skeletons are composed of spicules of silica
pale in color and are cup or basket shaped
Venus' flower basket
Calcarea
class
spicules made out of calcium carbonate
Clathrina clathrus
Kingdom
Most fungi are said to be filamentous
Fungi can live in many habitats including the arctic, tropical rain forest, fresh and salt water. However, most fungi live in soil
Fungi are not able to produce their own food as plants do
Fungi are said to be Saprotrophes
secrete special digestive enzymes
Deuteromycota
Phylum
all members reproduce by means of special spores known as conidia
Hyphomycetes
Basidiomycota
Phylum
filamentous fungi
composed of hyphae
species reproduce sexually with a club-shaped spore-bearing organ
Death cap
Ascomycota
Phylum
Mushrooms
Chestnut blight
Chytridiomycota
Phylum
most are found in freshwater or wet soils
Most are parasites of algae and animals or live on organic debris
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Zygomycota
Phylum
common molds
Black Bread Mold
Kingdom
All protists are aquatic
complex cells with many organelles
move using pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
can reproduce asexually or sexually
Cellular Slime Molds
Phylum
Fungi like protist
digesting food externally and then absorbing it
Dictyostelium discoideum
Acellular Slime Molds
Pylum
Fungi like protist
digesting food externally and then absorbing it
Red rasberry slime mold
Euglenoids
Phylum
live in freshwater ponds and streams
reproduce asexually
euglenoid movement
single-celled microorganism that have both animal and plant characteristics
Euglena
Dinoflagellates
Phylum
plant like protist
Lingulodinium polyedra
Rhodophyta
Phylum
a few live in freshwater but mostly inhabit marine low tidal zones
reproduce sexual and asexual
are non motile
more than 5200 species of rhodophytes
Red Algae
Sporozoan
Phylum
live lives in the gut of a female mosquito
reproduce sexually
They rely on other organisms to distribute them
Plasmodium
Zooflagellates
Phylum
live in water or within another organism
reproduce asexually and sexually
move by beating a long whip like flagella
Trypanosoma gambiense
ciliates
Phylum
live in fresh and salt water
reproduce sexual by conjugation and asexual by binary fission
surrounded by tiny hair like projections that beat like the oar of a boat propelling organisms through water
cilia are also used to propel and direct food toward mouth opening
Paramecium caudatum
Sarcodina
Phylum
live in fresh and salt water
reproduce sexual and asexual by binary fission
have Pseudopods
slow moving
engulf their prey by wrapping extensions of the cell around the potential food
Ameoba proteus
Domain
lack nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
DNA is found in center of cell, called nucleoid
cell wall is extra layer of protection
cell wall prevents dehydration
Domain
contain no nucleus
lack membrane bound organelles
unicellular
shapes consist of rods, cones, plates and coil
Kingdom
99 percent of all Prokaryotes
Unicellular
Chromosome is circular
Bacillus
Class
Rod shaped
Paenibacillus macerans
Spirochetes
Class
Spiral shaped
Leptospira interrogans
Domain
contain no nucleus
lack membrane bound organelles
unicellular
shapes consist of rods, cones, plates and coil
Class
Round shaped
Micrococcus luteus
Representative species
Kingdom
Ability to survive extreme conditions
capable of methanogenesis
Unicellular
Pyrolobus fumarii
Representative species
