Earth Science

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New Findings Underscore an Earth-Venus Kinship -make up

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Composition Of Air

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Weathering and Erosion

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AIR AROUND US- VIDEO

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Earth Science

Astronomy

Exploring Space

The-Sun-Earth-Moon-System

Exploring Earth's Moon

Impact Basin

The Moon Earth's Satellite

Motions Moons

Reflection of the sun

Equinox

Earth Data Review

Solstice

solstice

What causes changing seasons

Radiation from the sun

A Titled Axis

Orbiting the sun

Ellipse

Revolution

Magnetic Field

Magnetic Axis

Properties of Earth

Rotation

rotation

axis

Additional Evidence

Sphere Shape

Sphere

The Solar System

Other Objects in the Solar System

Asteroids

Exploring Asteroids

Asteroid Sizes

Meteoroids, Meteors, Meteorites

Meteor Showers

Comets

Structure of Comets

Comet Hale-Bopp

Oort Cloud

The Inner Planets

Mars

Odyssey and Mars Exploration Rovers

Pathfinder and Global Surveyor

The Viking Probes

Earth

Venus

Mercury

Future Mission

Does Mercury have an Atmosphere

Inner Planets

How the Solar System Formed

Planet Formation

Ideas About the Solar System

Modern View of the Solar System

Sun-Centered Model

Earth-Centered Model

Stars and Galaxies

Galaxies and the Universe

Big Bang Theory

Galaxy

Evolution of Stars

Black Hole

Neutron Star

Supergiant

White Dwarf

Giant

Nebula

The Sun

Sunspot

Corona

Chromosphere

Photosphere

Stars

Absolute Magnitude

Apparent Magnitude

Light-year

Constellations

Geology

Minerals

Useful Elements in Minerals

ores

Vein Minerals

Uses of Mineral

Properties of Gems

germs

Mineral Identification

Cleavage and Fracture

Streak

Specific Gravity

Luster

Mohs Scale

Mineral Appearance

Hardness

Mineral Compositions and Groups

Silicates

Structure of Minerals

Crystals from solutions

Crystals from magma

Crystals

What is a mineral

Atom Patterns

Mineral Characteristics

Mineral

Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Stacked Rocks

Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

Sediments

Metamorphic Rocks

Classifying Metamorphic Rocks

Foliated Rocks

Nonfoliated Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

heat and pressure

hot fluids

Rock Cycle

10) Melting

9) Metamorphic Rock

8) Heat and Pressure

7) Sedimentary Rock

6) Compact and Cementaion

5) Sendements

4) Weathering and Erosion

3) Igneous Rock

2) Cooling

1) Magma

Igneous Rocks

Formation Of Igneous Rocks

Magma

Lava

Intrusive Rocks

Extrusive Rocks

Volcanic Glass

Extrusive

Obsidian

Pumice

Rhyolite

Andesite

Scoria

Basalt

Intusive

Granite

Diorite

Babbro

Earthquakes

tsunami

liquefaction

Magnitude

Measuring Seismic Waves

seismograph

Features of Earthquakes

Seismic waves

focus

primary waves

secondary waves

surface waves

epicenter

Types of Faults

normal faults

reverse faults

strike slip fault

plate tectonics

water and land Erosion

rill and gully erosion

channels

sand erosion

stream erosion

sheet erosion

runoff

Names of volcanoes,eruption force, and production of volcano

Popocatepetl, Mexico

gas,ash

Soufriere Hills, Montserrat

gas,ash,rock

Mount PIntatubo, Philippines

Kilauea, Hawii

low

lava

Mount St. Helens, Washington

Surtsey, Iceland

Paricutin, Mexico

ash, cinders

Mount Katmai, Alaska

lava, ash, gas

Vesuvius, Italy

Kraktau, Indonesia

Mount pelee, Martinique

gas, ash

Tambora, Indonesia

high

cinders, ash

Mount Etna, Sicily

moderate

lava, ash

Volcanoes

Cinder Cone

Shield Volcanoes

shield Volcanoes

Explosive Magma

water vapor

quiet eruption

trapped gases

magma forced upward

vents

crater

Meteorology

weather

temperature

snow

ice

below 0 celcious

dry

less molecules in air

high pressure

humid

feels sticky

more molecules in air

rain/storms

low pressure

wind

storms

hurricane

warm moist aie

rain

clouds

air temperature

hot

on the top

more amount of water vapor

cold

on the bottom

less amount of water vapor

Atmosphere

Temperature in the Atmosphere

Troposphere (20 C or below)

Stratosphere (0 C and below)

Mesosphere (-80 C and below)

Exosphere (over 800 C)

Atmospheric pressure

Molecules pressurized in troposphere.

Gravity brings layers closer

Exosphere is the complete opposite of troposphere

Gravity pulls troposphere closer to the earth. This is the reason why life thrives towards the ground.

Upper layer

Mesosphere (85)

Ionosphere (100)

Radio waves

Electrically charged

"solar charged"

Able to transfer waves when "charged" at night

Light charges radio waves

Waves reflect off of ionosphere

Thermosphere (150)

Exosphere (800)

Lower Layer

Troposphere (10 km)

Contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen as well as other gases.

The main air we breathe, play, and sleep in

Stratosphere (50 km)

Ozone layer

Ozone hole

Comes around August and September

Arctic Circle

Ozone is unavailable during this fall

By December circle is gone

Ozone layer is getting thinner.

Blame of global warming goes to CFC's

6. Broken CFC leaves to break up other ozone

5. Oxygen rejoins with oxygen

4. Previously connected oxygen breaks up the CFC and oxygen

3. CFC connects with oxygen atom and abandons other molecules

2. A broken CFC molecule breaks ozone molecule

1. UV breaks up CFC molecule

Ultraviolet rays destroy chlorofluorocarbons

Absorbs ultraviolet radiation

Ozone made up of 3 molecules instead of the normal 2.

Oxygen filled layer ( the point and reason your even alive)

Mixture of gases, solids, and liquids

water

Dust, Salt, Ash

O3, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen

Climate

Seasons

Seasons are short periods of climate changes

Large bodies of water

Tropics

Mountains

Rain Shadows

Subtopic

Adaptions

High latitude

Latitude

Polar Zones

Hibernation

Temperate Zones

El Nino

La Nina

Oceanography

Ocean Currents

Density Currents

Intermediate Waters

Deep Waters

UpWelling

Surface Currents

Warm and Cold Surface Currents

Tracking Surface Currents

The Gulf Stream

Ocean Water

Composition of Oceans

Desalination Plants

Desalination

Removal of Elements

Salts

Origin of Oceans

Basins

Importance of the Oceans

Varied Resources

Ocean Pollution

Controlling Pollution

Effects of Pollution

Sources of Pollution

Sediment

Solid-Waste Pollution

Oil Pollution

Chemical Pollution

Sewage

Pollution

Ocean Waves and Tides

Waves

How Water Waves Forms

The Gravitational Effect of the Sun

The Gravitational Effect of the Moon

Tidal Bores

Extreme Tidal Ranges

Tidal Range

Tide

Breakers

Wave Movement

Describing Waves

Trough

Crest

Life in the ocean

Ocean Margin Habitats

Esturaries

River Mouth

Rocky Shore Areas

Beaches

Ocean Life

Bottom Dwellers

Lizardfish

Sandperches

Hawkfish

Dragonets

Benthos

Nekton

Swim/Move Independently

Plankton

Drift in Sea/Fresh Water

Microscopic Organism

Life Processes

Other Life Processes

Chemosynthesis

Energy Relationships

Photosynthesis

Seafloor

Mineral Resources

Deep-Water Deposits

Continental Shelf Deposits

Ridges and Trenches

Subduction Zones

Trench

Long, Narrow Ditch

Mid-ocean ridge

Underwater Mountain Range

Relatively Shallow

Ocean Basin

Abyssal Plains

On Deep Ocean Floor

Underwater Plain

Continental Slope

Continental Shelf